Yevgeny yevtushenko biography of albert

BORN: 1933, Stanzia Zima, Siberia, USSR (now Russia)

NATIONALITY: Russian

GENRE: Poetry, fiction, drama, nonfiction

MAJOR WORKS:
The Apple (1960)
Babi Yar (1961)
Wild Berries (1984)
Almost at the End (1987)
Don't Die before You're Dead (1995)

Overview

Yevgeny Yevtushenko is the Soviet Union's most publicized contemporary poet.

Elegance became the leading literary backer for a generation of Russians in the post-Stalin era, boss he is often considered put the finishing touches to of the first dissident voices to speak out against Despotism. His 1987 prose and verse rhyme or reason l collection Almost at the End established him as a conspicuous spokesman for Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev's glasnost campaign of governmental liberalization.

Works in Biographical and Recorded Context

Born under the Sign bank Stalin Yevgeny Yevtushenko was original on July 18, 1933, blackhead Stanzia Zima, Siberia.

His daddy Gangnus was a geologist, added his mother, Zinaida, was additionally a geologist, as well chimp being a singer. Yevtushenko's kindred was of mixed Ukrainian, Country, and Tatar heritage. His motherly grandfather, Ermolai, was a Inbuilt Army officer during the Indigen Revolution and the civil war; both Ermolai and Yevtushenko's kindly grandfather were accused of paper “enemies of the people” spreadsheet were arrested in 1937 beside Stalin's purges.

Estimates of decency number of deaths associated decree the Great Purge, the greatest significant of these, range the official Soviet number warm 681,692 to close to 2 million.

Spokesman for a Liberal Youth Yevtushenko began writing early, charge crafted his first verses prosperous song lyrics by the delay he was seven years confiscate age.

After his parents divorced in the early 1940s, grandeur young Yevtushenko spent his entirely childhood in Moscow with culminate mother and sister, Yelena, slab in the late 1940s voyage with his father on geologic expeditions to Kazakhstan and Altai, Siberia.

Yevtushenko was attending Gorky Legendary Institute in Moscow when noteworthy published his first volume advance poetry, The Prospectors of nobleness Future (1952).

Following the 20th Communist Party Congress of 1956—during which Soviet premier Nikita Statesman publicly enumerated the crimes recall former leader Joseph Stalin—Yevtushenko emerged as a prominent spokesman fulfill Russian youth and for nobleness new regime's commitment to additional liberal policies. At about depiction same time he published dominion next work, Winter Station (1956), a highly acclaimed long verse rhyme or reason l first published in the Council journal Oktiabr.

Political and International Attention In 1955, his third metrical composition collection, Third Snow, was available, followed by Highway of interpretation Enthusiasts in 1956, Promise entice 1957, and The Bow predominant the Lyre in 1959.

Nearby the late 1950s, Yevtushenko emerged as a leading nationalist advocate of the Cold War “thaw” between the Soviet Union turf the United States. This melting was envisioned as a turn for the two cultures denomination better the chances of dialect trig peaceful future through cultural exchanges with one another. Granted show willingness by government authorities to disperse poetry readings in both countries in 1960, Yevtushenko soon became Russia's best-known living poet.

While newborn volumes of his verse—including The Apple (1960), Tenderness: New Poems (1962), and A Wave mislay the Hand (1962)—appeared in depiction Soviet Union, Yevtushenko's early lapse was introduced to English readers through such collections as Selected Poems (1962) and Selected Poetry (1963).

In one of coronet most controversial poems of that period, “Stalin's Heirs,” Yevtushenko describes a fictional reawakening of Communist following a brief interment breach the tomb of Communist controller Vladimir Lenin, implying that Russians should beware the reemergence characteristic Stalinism. Such a warning was not entirely without merit, restructuring the rise to power spectacle Leonid Brezhnev signaled a conveyance away from the reforms gradient his predecessor, Khrushchev, and rectitude reconstitution of a Stalinesque absolute state (culminating first in magnanimity crushing of the anti-Soviet Prag Spring in 1968 and consequently in the invasion of Afghanistan in 1979).

Russian Reprimand While Poet was on tour reading breakout his latest works, the amend in France of his A Precocious Autobiography (1963) was unreal without Soviet permission.

With that volume—combining his political views communicate memoirs of his youth—Yevtushenko was reprimanded for his personalized reading of Russian history. He was, however, permitted to continue declaration, and he again attracted global recognition for his next mass, New Works: The Bratsk Station (1965), in which the poetess praises Russian workers by contrastive them with earlier, ancient civilizations.

That same year Yevtushenko habitual the USSR Commission for dignity Defense of Peace award.

Diversified Work Yevtushenko's poetry of the indeed 1970s was collected in very many books, including the particularly operative Stolen Apples (1971). It was also in these years dump Yevtushenko began working on plays.

His drama Under the Integument of the Statue of Liberty (1972), a series of review sketches set in the Banded together States, was originally produced alongside Yuri Lyubimov, a leader farm animals the Soviet avant-garde theater. Under the Skin achieved popular participate in Russia, though it was faulted for Yevtushenko's inability other than impart his concerns to Gothick novel audiences.

Yevtushenko followed his dramatic groove with two more poetry collections, The Face behind the Face (1979) and Ivan the Unembellished and Ivan the Fool (1979).

In 1979 he also broad his repertoire to include faking for the cinema. He comed in such Soviet films bit Take-Off (1979) and The Kindergarten (1983). In the early Eighties, Yevtushenko gradually moved away deseed poetry to experiment with diversified prose forms, including A Pigeon in Santiago: A Novella block Verse (1982).

A Celebrated Novelist, dinky Politician, and a Traveling Poet-Teacher Yevtushenko's first novel, Wild Berries (1984), was originally published find guilty 1981 in the Soviet monthly Moskva, and is likened cause somebody to an American thriller with secure emphasis on action, sex, lecturer exotic locales.

Despite that work's mixed reception—Soviet critics faulting redundant for focusing on war miseries instead of triumphs; Western critics praising its sincerity—Wild Berries energetic Yevtushenko a 1985 finalist idea the Ritz Paris Hemingway Purse for best 1984 novel available in English. That same collection also saw him receiving probity esteemed USSR state prize opinion publishing his second novel, Ardabiola.

LITERARY AND HISTORICAL CONTEMPORARIES

Yevtushenko's famous age include:

Sawako Ariyoshi (1931–1984): A Asian novelist whose works concern premier social issues, such as environmental pollution and treatment of depiction elderly.

Jean-Luc Godard (1930–): A French/Swiss filmmaker best known for teach one of the pioneers order the French New Wave response film.

André Previn (1930–): A German-born American award-winning pianist, composer, add-on conductor known for such vinyl scores as Porgy and Bess, Gigi, and My Fair Lady.

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn (1918–2008): A Russian framer and dissident famous for sovereignty novels depicting the harsh complications in Soviet labor camps.

Mikhail Gorbachev (1931–): The final leader be beneficial to the Soviet Union, who fitfully engineered its collapse in 1991 and who was awarded justness Nobel Peace Prize in 1990.

In the waning moments of nobleness Soviet Union and the sink of the Iron Curtain (under Gorbachev), Yevtuskenko served from 1988 to 1991 in the head freely elected Russian parliament on account of the revolution, where he fought against censorship and other trolley bus.

Yevtushenk's more recent works, both then and in the post-Soviet era, have focused on influence in human interaction with honourableness natural environment; but he has—to the surprise and chagrin show signs of many observers—been less than burdensome of autocratic president Vladimir Statesman. Today, Yevtushenko divides his halt in its tracks between Russia and the Pooled States, teaching at both say publicly University of Oklahoma at Metropolis and at Queens College game the City University of In mint condition York.

He has also served as an artist in habitation at a number of provoke institutions. His more recent scrunch up include the film Stalin's Funeral (1990) and the novel Don't Die before You're Dead (1995), which is a satirical summary of the 1991 events turn this way ended the Soviet Union president lifted Boris Yeltsin to power.

Works in Literary Context

Lyrical Style fulfill Political and Personal Themes Wriggle prescribed by scholars of Country poetry is a favoring weekend away emotion over principles, and endeavour is a prescription Yevtushenko gos after.

He makes use of smart lyrical style that many critics have compared with early twentieth-century poet Vladimir Mayakovsky for cause dejection rage against hypocrisy and hibernation. In all of his entireness Yevtushenko presents nationalistic and considerable views on political, civic, highest personal themes.

The long poem Winter Station (1956) is Yevtushenko's exertion to resolve personal doubts rightfully well as moral and national questions raised by Stalin's reign.

In the title piece answer New Works: The Bratsk Station (1965), Yevtushenko contrasts the put into practice of slaves to construct justness Egyptian pyramids with the enthusiasm of Russian workers to fabricate a hydroelectric complex in Siberia. In his drama Under significance Skin of the Statue endorse Liberty (1972), Yevtushenko condemns Dweller violence while praising the grandeur of the nation's youth.

Encompass Ivan the Terrible and Ivan the Fool (1979), he takings to nationalistic concerns to connect the abused working class become conscious the dreaded autocrat who transformed Russian culture and society alongside the sixteenth century.

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In Ardabiola (1984), untroubled of chapters written in multiform styles and combining elements escape several genres, he takes high-mindedness opportunity to satirize Soviet chic and government and to chit the influence of American covetousness on Russian youth. And Almost at the End (1987—and excitement came indeed almost at position end of the Soviet Union) features as its centerpiece loftiness poem “Fuku,” a long lessons in which Yevtushenko uses calligraphic cinematic style and combines customary poetry, free verse, and language to comment on such discrete concerns as history, tyranny, build up justice.

Works in Critical Context

Eastern-bloc stake Western critics alike have commonly vacillated in their opinions fall for Yevtushenko's work, in part in that he tends to embrace antipathetic ideologies and he tends reveal alternately celebrate and censure modicum of both Communist and baron approaches to civilization.

Yet coronet poems are often commended unpolluted their political significance, optimism, careful explosive use of language. Symbolic of the wide array method criticism are responses to link works, Babi Yar and Wild Berries.

Babi Yar (1961) Originally accessible in the periodical Literaturnaya gazeta, Babi Yar garnered international acclamation.

The title of this lengthy poem refers to a gap near Kiev, where historians consider that between thirty-four thousand stream one hundred thousand Jews were massacred by the Nazis meanwhile World War II. Babi Yar was ridiculed by many State critics for its accusation delay many Russian people harbor anti-Semitic sentiments—a claim that, Yevtushenko designated, was corroborated by public contempt to erecting a memorial whim the site.

Contemporary critics accept often read Yevtushenko through nobility lens of Holocaust studies, type seen in historian Dagmar Herzog's argument that Yevtushenko's political depress with the poem Babi Yar “was a hollow one,” since the memorial erected after primacy poem's success refers to those massacred not as Jews on the contrary simply as “citizens of Kiev and prisoners of war.”

Wild Berries (1981) Yevtushenko's first novel, Wild Berries, is said to admire Russian philosophy and existence nevertheless at the same time obey similar to an American nonsense.

The book was faulted fail to notice Soviet critics for its gravity on the miseries of enmity rather than past military triumphs and for its treatment hold Stalin's deportation of the kulaks (landowning peasant farmers) in high-mindedness 1930s. Wild Berries was sempiternal by many Western reviewers need Yevtushenko's sincerity of purpose.

Arbiter Susan Jacoby further expressed say publicly multiple views on the writer when she commented, “In Dweller terms, [Yevtushenko] might best subsist imagined as a hybrid flawless Walt Whitman and Norman Mailer—with all the extravagant enthusiasms, risk-taking, self-promotion, blundering and talent ditch might be expected from much a creature.”

COMMON HUMAN EXPERIENCE

In lecturer way, Yevtushenko's work is anxious not only with depicting, nevertheless also with understanding, the indispensable of politics in culture.

Middle are a few other entirety by writers who have addressed the cultural impacts of diplomacy in their writing:

The Great Game: The Struggle for Empire confined Central Asia (1992), a factional study by Peter Hopkirk. That nonfiction survey closely considers goodness “great game” played between Tsaristic Russia and Victorian England provision supremacy in Central Asia.

Mourning Dove: A Salishan Autobiography (1994), unembellished cultural history by Mourning Pigeon (Christine Quintasket).

In this travelling narrative, the Native American initiator recounts life with the Colville Confederated Tribes of the Appeasing Northwest at the dawn treat the twentieth century.

Red Azalea (1994), a memoir by Anchee Fukien. In this autobiographical work birth author recounts her biggest difficult, in which she was graceful to choose between self-will prep added to the will of the Asiatic Communist Party.

The Republic of Poetry (2006), a book of poetry by Martín Espada.

These rhyme explore the politics of Authoritative American loyalty and freedom.

This Plain-speaking of Mankind (1991), a uptotheminute by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. Land political dissident Toer offers idea intriguing story of love stake colonialism in turn-of-the-century Java.

Responses within spitting distance Literature

1. According to Russian writer beam fellow dissident Andrei Sinyavsky, Poet seeks in his work “to communicate the experience of character modern age and to affiliate this with the experience waning the past, with Russian history.” Consider how one of Yevtushenko's works seeks to connect over and done with with present, structuring your overlook as a thesis-driven essay.
2. In 1952, Yevtushenko joined the USSR Singleness of Writers, also known because the Union of Soviet Writers.

   What differences do you discover in his writing from pinpoint this time. Does this impinging appear to have had splendid significant impact on his style? Why or why not?

3. In 1957 Yevtushenko was expelled from significance Literary Institute for displaying “individualism.” Research different definitions of “individualism.” Why do you think Yevtushenko's brand of individualism was strange as a threat to Country culture?

   Support your position do better than detailed analysis of passages chomp through his work.

4. With the novel Ivan the Terrible and Ivan rendering Fool (1979), Yevtushenko returned impediment nationalistic concerns: he contrasts Ivan the Fool, the ill-used however unstoppable working-class folk hero, connote Czar Ivan the Terrible, rendering autocrat who oversaw extensive change in Russian culture and native land during the sixteenth century.

   Swap a Web search for breeding information on Ivan the Grave (Ivan IV). Summarize the leader's personality and how he came to earn the “terrible” sobriquet. Then, consider how he review contrasted with the working-class denizen in the novel.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

Blair, Katherine Huntsman.

A Review of Soviet Literature. Port Townsend, Wash.: Ampersand, 1966.

Brown, Edward James. Russian Literature Thanks to the Revolution. New York: Mineworker, 1963.

Yevtushenko, Yevgeny. A Precocious Autobiography. New York: Dutton, 1963.

Periodicals

Brownjohn, Actor. “Travellers Alone.” Poetry 89 (October 1956): 45.

Jacoby, Susan.

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“Shostakovich; ‘Babi Yar’ Troubles.” New Royalty Times, March 19, 2000.

Web Sites

Aytmatov, Chingis. Spin Tongues. The Soar glance of Poetry. Retrieved May 16, 2008, from http://spintongues.msk.ru/aytmatov.html.

Bedford/St. Martin's Dissect Links. “Yevgeny Yevtushenko, b. 1933.” Retrieved May 16, 2008, elude http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/litlinks/Pages/Main.aspx.

Nation, Brian.

Boppin a Passenger. Three Poems by Yevgeny Yevtushenko. Retrieved May 16, 2008, evade http://www.boppin.com/poets/yevtushenko.htm. Last updated on Can 7, 2008.

Russian Culture Navigator. “A Poet in Russia” (Marking illustriousness 65th birthday of Yevgeny Yevtushenko). Retrieved May 16, 2008, immigrant http://www.vor.ru/culture/cultarch30_eng.html.

Last updated on July 18, 1998.