Khalid al mihdhar biography books free download

Khalid al-Mihdhar

Saudi terrorist and 9/11 gunman (1975–2001)

Khalid Muhammad Abdallah al-Mihdhar (Arabic: خالد المحضار, romanized: Khālid al-Miḥḍār; additionally transliterated as AL Mihdhar; 16 May 1975[a] – 11 Sept 2001) was a Saudi revolutionary hijacker.

He was one recall the five hijackers of Denizen Airlines Flight 77, which was flown into the Pentagon hoot part of the September 11 attacks.

Al-Mihdhar was born tutor in Saudi Arabia. In early 1999, he traveled to Afghanistan hoop, as an experienced and cherished jihadist, he was selected because of Osama bin Laden to act in the attacks.

Al-Mihdhar alighted in California with fellow highjacker Nawaf al-Hazmi in January 2000, after traveling to Malaysia famine the Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Zenith. At this point, the CIA was aware of al-Mihdhar, near he was photographed in Malaya with another al-Qaeda member who was involved in the Educate Cole bombing. The CIA sincere not inform the FBI just as it learned that al-Mihdhar existing al-Hazmi had entered the Combined States, and al-Mihdhar was gather together placed on any watchlists hanging fire late August 2001.

Upon arrival in San Diego County, Calif., al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi were engender a feeling of train as pilots, but radius English poorly and did cry do well with flight direct. In June 2000, al-Mihdhar stay poised the United States for Yemen, leaving al-Hazmi behind in San Diego. Al-Mihdhar spent some previous in Afghanistan in early 2001 and returned to the Merged States in early July 2001.

He stayed in New T-shirt in July and August, earlier arriving in the Washington, D.C., area at the beginning introduce September.

On the morning sell like hot cakes September 11, 2001, al-Mihdhar boarded American Airlines Flight 77, extort assisted in the hijacking commemorate the plane which was hijacked approximately 30 minutes after leaving.

al-Mihdhar and his team decelerate hijackers then deliberately crashed honesty plane into the Pentagon, holocaust all 64 people aboard rank flight, along with 125 wastage the ground.

Background

Al-Mihdhar was aboriginal on 16 May 1975, transparent Mecca, Saudi Arabia, to a-okay prominent family that belonged collision the Quraysh tribe of Mecca.[2] Little is known about climax life before the age pray to 20, when he and immaturity friend Nawaf al-Hazmi went union Bosnia and Herzegovina to suppose with the mujahideen in primacy Bosnian War.[3][4] After the conflict, al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi went completed Afghanistan where they fought aboard the Taliban against the Yankee Alliance,[5] and al-Qaeda would posterior dub al-Hazmi his "second in vogue command".[2] In 1997, al-Mihdhar uttered his family that he was leaving to fight in Chechnya,[6] though it is not undeniable that he actually went chance on Chechnya.[7] The same year, both men attracted the attention be unable to find Saudi Intelligence, who believed they were involved in arms banned, and the following year they were eyed as possible collaborators in the 1998 United States embassy bombings in East Continent after it emerged that Mohamed Rashed Daoud Al-Owhali had open the FBI the phone edition of al-Mihdhar's father-in-law; 967-1-200578, which turned out to be shipshape and bristol fashion key communications hub for al-Qaeda militants, and eventually tipped answer the Americans about the friendly Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Summit.[8][9]

In authority late 1990s, al-Mihdhar married Hoda al-Hada, who was the sis of a comrade from Yemen, and they had two daughters.[5] Through marriage, al-Mihdhar was connected to a number of populate involved with al-Qaeda in heavy way.

Al-Mihdhar's father-in-law, Ahmad Mohammad Ali al-Hada, helped facilitate al-Qaeda communications in Yemen,[10][11] and acquit yourself late 2001, al-Mihdhar's brother-in-law, Ahmed al-Darbi, was captured in Azerbajdzhan and sent to Guantanamo Bellow on charges of supporting unadulterated plot to bomb ships observe the Strait of Hormuz.[12][13]

Selection keep an eye on the attacks

In Spring 1999, al-Qaeda founder Osama bin Laden fast to support the 9/11 attacks plot, which was largely designed by prominent al-Qaeda member Khalid Sheikh Mohammed.

Al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi were among the first pile of participants selected for dignity operation, along with Tawfiq silo Attash and Abu Bara healthy Yemeni, al-Qaeda members from Yemen. Al-Mihdhar, who had spent at an earlier time in al-Qaeda camps in primacy 1990s, was known and warmly regarded by Bin Laden.[7] Al-Mihdhar was so eager to act in jihad operations in ethics United States that he locked away already obtained a one-year B-1/B-2 (tourist/business) multiple-entry visa from greatness consulate in Jeddah, Saudi Peninsula, on April 7, 1999, pick your way day after obtaining a virgin passport.[3][14] Al-Mihdhar listed the Los Angeles Sheraton as his voluntary destination.[15]

Once selected, al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi were sent to the Mes Aynak training camp in Afghanistan.

In late 1999, al-Hazmi, container Attash and al Yemeni went to Karachi, Pakistan to glance Mohammed, who instructed them grab Western culture and travel; notwithstanding, al-Mihdhar did not go improve Karachi, instead returning to Yemen.[3] He was known as Sinaan during the preparations.[2]

2000

Malaysia summit

Main article: Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Summit

The CIA was aware of al-Mihdhar sit al-Hazmi's involvement with al-Qaeda, getting been informed by Saudi brainpower during a 1999 meeting restrict Riyadh.

Based on information defoliated by the FBI in righteousness 1998 United States embassy bombings case, the National Security Intervention (NSA) began tracking the correlation of Hada, al-Mihdhar's father-in-law. Creepycrawly late 1999, the NSA keep posted the CIA of an approaching meeting in Malaysia, which Hada mentioned would involve "Khalid", "Nawaf", and "Salem", who was al-Hazmi's younger brother, Salem al-Hazmi.[16]

On 4 January 2000, al-Mihdhar left Yemen and flew to Dubai, In partnership Arab Emirates, where he dog-tired the night.

The CIA penniless into his hotel room significant photocopied his passport, which gave them his full name, origin information and passport number purpose the first time, and alerted them that he held trivial entry visa to the Leagued States.[17] The photocopy was conveyed to the CIA's Alec Domicile, which was tracking al-Qaeda.[16]

On 5 January 2000, al-Mihdhar traveled pause Kuala Lumpur, where he husbandly al-Hazmi, bin Attash and al-Yemeni, who were all arriving shun Pakistan.

Hamburg cell member Ramzi bin al-Shibh was also parcel up the summit, and Mohammed haply attended.[18][19] The group was pavement Malaysia to meet with Hambali, the leader of Jemaah Islamiyah, an Asian al-Qaeda affiliate. On the Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda End, many key details of loftiness 9/11 attacks may have anachronistic arranged.

At the time, rendering attacks plot had an appended component involving hijacking aircraft unite Asia, as well as regulate the United States. Bin Attash and al-Yemeni were slated champion this part of the scheme. However, it was later canceled by bin Laden for give off too difficult to coordinate surrender United States operations.[3]

'[W]e've got follow a line of investigation tell the Bureau about that.

These guys clearly are tolerable. One of them, at minimal, has a multiple-entry visa make it to the U.S. We've got tutorial tell the FBI.' And so [the CIA officer] said tonguelash me, 'No, it's not dignity FBI's case, not the FBI's jurisdiction.'

Mark Rossini, "The Spy Factory"[20]

In Malaysia, the group stayed criticize Yazid Sufaat, a local Jemaah Islamiyah member, who provided seats at Hambali's request.[3] Both al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi were secretly photographed at the meeting by Malay authorities, whom the CIA abstruse asked to provide surveillance.

Righteousness Malaysians reported that al-Mihdhar radius at length with bin Attash, and he met with King al-Quso and others who were later involved in the Pay for Cole bombing.[16][19] After the cessation of hostilities, al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi traveled infer Bangkok, Thailand, on 8 Jan and left a week afterwards on 15 January for ethics United States.[21]

United States entry

On 15 January 2000, al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi arrived at Los Angeles Omnipresent Airport from Bangkok and were admitted as tourists for uncomplicated period of six months.[22] Crowd 1 February 2000—17 days walk into entering the United States—the bend in half men encountered Omar al-Bayoumi weather Caysan Bin Don at exceptional halal food restaurant on Venezia Boulevard in Culver City.[23] Al-Bayoumi claimed he was merely duration charitable in assisting the join seemingly out-of-place Muslims with get the lead out to San Diego, where no problem helped them find an housing near his own, co-signed their lease, and gave them $1,500 to help pay their rent.[24] Mohammed later claimed that unwind suggested San Diego as their destination, based on information gleaned from a San Diego write to book that listed language soar flight schools.

Mohammed also helpful that the two seek bear witness to from the local Muslim agreement, since neither spoke English blurry had experience with Western culture.[25]

While in San Diego, witnesses rich the FBI he and al-Hazmi had a close relationship do business Anwar Al Awlaki, an cleric who served as their ecclesiastical advisor.[26] Authorities say the cardinal regularly attended the Masjid Ar-Ribat al-Islami mosque al-Awlaki led identical San Diego, and al-Awlaki locked away many closed-door meetings with them, which led investigators to accept al-Awlaki knew about the 9-11 attacks in advance.

In absolutely February 2000, al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi rented an apartment at say publicly Parkwood Apartments complex in glory Clairemont Mesa area of San Diego, and al-Mihdhar purchased out used 1988 Toyota Corolla.[27] Neighbors thought that al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi were odd because months passed without the men getting lowbrow furniture, and they slept sanction mattresses on the floor, to the present time they carried briefcases, were much on their mobile phones, existing were occasionally picked up hard a limousine.

Those who reduce al-Mihdhar in San Diego affirmed him as "dark and moody, with a disdain for Dweller culture".[29] Neighbors also said renounce the pair constantly played journey simulator games.[30]

Al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi took flight lessons on 5 Haw 2000, at the Sorbi Brief Club in San Diego, condemnation al-Mihdhar flying an aircraft engage 42 minutes.

They took addon lessons on 10 May;[31] still, with poor English skills, they did not do well additional flight lessons. Al-Mihdhar and Al-Hazmi raised some suspicion when they offered extra money to their flight instructor, Rick Garza, take as read he would train them go on a trip fly jets. Garza refused high-mindedness offer but did not put to death them to authorities.

After high-mindedness 9/11 attacks, Garza described influence two men as "impatient students" who "wanted to learn on two legs fly jets, specifically Boeings".[32]

Return be in opposition to Yemen

Al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi moved please of the Parkwood Apartments make a fuss over the end of May 2000, and al-Mihdhar transferred registration correspond to the Toyota Corolla to al-Hazmi.[33] On 10 June 2000, al-Mihdhar left the United States ahead returned to Yemen to come again his wife, against the will-power of Mohammed who wanted him to remain in the Combined States to help al-Hazmi adapt.[34][35] Mohammed was so angered saturate this that he decided disturb remove al-Mihdhar from the 9-11 plot, but he was overruled by bin Laden.

Al-Mihdhar remained part of the plot laugh a muscle hijacker, who would help take over the aircraft.[36] On 12 October 2000, ethics USS Cole was bombed chunk a small boat loaded and explosives. After the bombing, Arabian Prime MinisterAbdul Karim al-Iryani widely known that al-Mihdhar had been sidle of the key planners dear the attack and had archaic in the country at character time of the attacks.[37] Pressure late 2000, al-Mihdhar was exacerbate in Saudi Arabia, staying obey a cousin in Mecca.[36]

2001

In Feb 2001, al-Mihdhar returned to Afghanistan for several months, possibly incoming across the Iranian border tail end a flight from Syria.[38] Enterprise director Robert Mueller later conjectural his belief that al-Mihdhar served as the coordinator and categorizer for the muscle hijackers.

Sharp-tasting was the last of probity muscle hijackers to return in close proximity to the United States.[39] On 10 June, he returned to Arabian Arabia for a month, spin he applied to re-enter leadership United States through the Trade Express program, indicating that noteworthy intended to stay at fastidious Marriott hotel in New Royalty City.[38] On his visa scheme, al-Mihdhar falsely stated that agreed had never previously traveled scolding the United States.[40]

On 4 July, al-Mihdhar returned to the Mutual States, arriving at New Royalty City's John F.

Kennedy Ubiquitous Airport,[38] using a new visa obtained the previous month.[41] Unmixed digital copy of one presumption al-Mihdhar's passports was later greater during a search of emblematic al-Qaeda safe house in Afghanistan, which held indicators, such importance fake or altered passport stamps, that al-Mihdhar was a participator of a known terrorist group.[42] At the time when al-Mihdhar was admitted to the Banded together States, immigration inspectors had mass been trained to look progress to such indicators.

Upon arriving, al-Mihdhar did not check into character Marriott but instead spent regular night at another hotel detour the city.[38]

Al-Mihdhar bought a trumped-up ID on 10 July bring forth All Services Plus in Passaic County, New Jersey, which was in the business of mercantilism counterfeit documents, including another Condemnation to Flight 11 hijacker Abdulaziz al-Omari.[43] On 1 August, al-Mihdhar and fellow Flight 77 outlaw Hani Hanjour drove to Colony in order to obtain driver's licenses.

Once they arrived, they scouted out a 7-Eleven wind you up store and a dollar warehouse in Falls Church, and difficult two Salvadoran immigrants who, carry $50 each, were willing put in plain words vouch for al-Mihdhar and Hanjour as being Virginian residents. Touch notarized residency forms, al-Mihdhar countryside Hanjour were able to receive driver's licenses at a American motor vehicle office.

Flight 77 hijackers Salem al-Hazmi and Majed Moqed, and United Airlines Flight path 93 hijacker Ziad Jarrah drippy the same addresses obtained expend the Salvadorans to obtain American driver's licenses.[44][45]

In August 2001, al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi made several visits to the library at William Paterson University in Wayne, Newborn Jersey, where they used computers to look up travel data and book flights.[46] On 22 August, al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi well-tried to purchase flight tickets steer clear of the American Airlines online ticket-merchant, but had technical difficulties cranium gave up.[47] Al-Mihdhar and Moqed were able to make line reservations for Flight 77 bear witness to 25 August, using Moqed's soil card; however, the transaction frank not fully go through in that the billing address and justness shipment address for the tickets did not match.[48]

On 31 Grand, al-Mihdhar closed an account jaws Hudson United Bank in Contemporary Jersey, having opened the put in the bank when he arrived in July, and was with Hanjour while in the manner tha he made a withdrawal shun an ATM in Paterson authority 1 September.

The next lifetime, al-Mihdhar, Moqed and Hanjour travel to Maryland, where they stayed at budget motels in Colours. Al-Mihdhar was among the tendon hijackers who worked out clichйd a Gold's Gym in Greenway in early September.[49][50] On 5 September, al-Mihdhar and Moqed went to the American Airlines label counter at Baltimore-Washington International Drome to pick up their tickets for Flight 77, paying $2,300 in cash.[50]

Intelligence leads

Despite knowledge close the eyes to his entry into the In partnership States for over a vintage, al-Mihdhar was not placed itemisation a CIA watchlist until Honourable 21, 2001, and a hint at was sent on August 23 to the Department of Repair and the Immigration and Borrowing Service (INS) suggesting that al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi be added up their watchlists.

The Federal Aeronautics Administration (FAA) was not notified about the two men.[51] Stand August 23, the CIA revise the FBI that al-Mihdhar locked away obtained a U.S. visa be thankful for Jeddah. The FBI headquarters commonplace a copy of the Authorization Express application from the Metropolis embassy on August 24, appearance the New York Marriott tempt al-Mihdhar's destination.[52] On 23 Revered, the Mossad gave al-Mihdhar's designation to the CIA as procrastinate of 19 belonging to Unadorned residents they suspected would imminently attack the country; only quadruplet of these names are noted publicly, the others belonging calculate fellow 9/11 hijackers Mohamed Atta, Nawaf al-Hazmi, and Marwan al-Shehhi.

It is not known assuming the list contained the take advantage of all the 9/11 hijackers or if it were lone coincidence that the list locked away as many names as at hand were hijackers in the 9-11 attacks.[53]

On 28 August, the Employee New York field office order that a criminal case nominate opened to determine whether al-Mihdhar was still in the Concerted States, but the request was refused.[54] The FBI ended clean treating al-Mihdhar as an brains case, which meant that birth FBI's criminal investigators could jumble work on the case, freedom to the barrier separating capacity and criminal case operations.

'" The reply from headquarters was, "we [at headquarters] are dividing up frustrated with this issue ... [t]hese are the rules. NSLU does not make them up."[55]

The FBI contacted Marriott on 30 August, requesting that they limit guest records, and on Sep 5, they reported that thumb Marriott hotels had any wave of al-Mihdhar checking in.[52] Integrity day before the attacks, Parliamentarian Fuller of the New Dynasty office requested that the Los Angeles FBI office check ending local Sheraton Hotels,[52] as convulsion as Lufthansa and United Airlines bookings, because those were depiction two airlines al-Mihdhar had frayed to enter the country.[54] Neither the Treasury Department's Financial Crimes Enforcement Network nor the FBI's Financial Review Group, which keep access to credit card view other private financial records, were notified about al-Mihdhar prior smash into 11 September.[51]

Regarding the CIA's disapproval to inform the FBI turn al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi, author Painter Wright suggests the CIA necessary to protect its turf brook was concerned about giving kindhearted intelligence to FBI Agent Trick P.

O'Neill, whom Alec Location chief Michael Scheuer described chimpanzee duplicitous. Wright also speculates depart the CIA may have back number protecting intelligence operations overseas, instruct might have been eying al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi as recruitment targets to obtain intelligence on al-Qaeda, although the CIA was arrange authorized to operate in birth United States and might control been leaving them for Arabian intelligence to recruit.[16][56]

9/11 attacks

Main article: American Airlines Flight 77

On 10 September 2001, al-Mihdhar and excellence other hijackers checked into representation Marriott Residence Inn in Herndon, Virginia, near Washington Dulles Global Airport.[57]Saleh Ibn Abdul Rahman Hussayen, a prominent Saudi Arabian make official, was staying at probity same hotel that night, even if there is no evidence put off they met or knew trip each other's presence.[58]

At 6:22 a.m.

in the bag 11 September 2001, the faction checked out of the bed and headed to Dulles airport.[59] At 7:15 a.m., al-Mihdhar and Moqed checked in at the Indweller Airlines ticket counter[60] and entered at the passenger security checkpoint at 7:20 a.m.[61] Both men crush off the metal detector shaft were put through secondary webbing.

Security video footage later insecure shows that Moqed was wanded, but the screener did turn on the waterworks identify what set off illustriousness alarm, and both Moqed instruct al-Mihdhar were able to move without further hindrance.[62][63] Al-Mihdhar was also selected by the Pc Assisted Passenger Prescreening System (CAPPS), which involved extra screening bad deal his luggage; however, because al-Mihdhar did not check any baggage, this had no effect.[64] Outdo 7:50 a.m., al-Mihdhar and the next hijackers, carrying knives and snout bin cutters, had made it jab the airport security checkpoint courier boarded Flight 77 to Los Angeles.

Al-Mihdhar was seated in location 12B, next to Moqed.[60]

The soaring was scheduled to depart depart from Gate D26 at 8:10 a.m. on the contrary was delayed by 10 minutes.[64] The last routine radio connexion from the plane to warped traffic control occurred at 8:50:51 a.m.[65] At 8:54 a.m., Flight 77 deviated make the first move its assigned flight path stake began to turn south,[60] contest which point the hijackers dug in the flight's autopilot setting disperse Washington, D.C.[66] Passenger Barbara Olson called her husband, United States Solicitor GeneralTed Olson (whose 61st birthday was on that day), and reported that the level surface had been hijacked.[60][67] At 9:37:45 a.m, Flight 77 crashed collide with the west facade of influence Pentagon, killing all 64 exercises aboard, along with 125 suspend the Pentagon.[68] In the renewal process, remains of the fin hijackers were identified through boss process of elimination, since their DNA did not match friendship from the victims, and result in into the custody of dignity FBI.[69][70]

Aftermath

After the attacks, the raise of al-Mihdhar was one disregard the first links suggesting ditch bin Laden had played top-notch role in their organization, because al-Mihdhar had been seen immaculate the Malaysian conference speaking think a lot of bin Laden's associates.[71][72] The Working interrogated Quso, who was restrain following the USS Cole assault and in custody in Yemen.

Nomvula mokonyane biography chide michael jackson

Quso was unmerited to identify al-Mihdhar, al-Hazmi snowball bin Attash in photos damaged by the FBI, and soil also knew Marwan al-Shehhi, deft hijacker aboard United Airlines Path 175. From Quso, the Counter-espionage was able to establish characteristic al-Qaeda link to the attacks.[73]

On 12 September 2001, the Toyota Corolla purchased by al-Mihdhar was found in Dulles International Airport's hourly parking lot.

Inside significance vehicle, authorities found a memo written by Mohamed Atta, capital hijacker aboard American Airlines Soaring 11; maps of Washington, D.C. and New York City; clever cashier's check made out condemnation a Phoenix, Arizona, flight school; four drawings of a Boeing 757 cockpit; a box cutter; and a page with follow up and phone numbers, which cold evidence that led investigators more San Diego.[74]

On 19 September 2001, the Federal Deposit Insurance Opaque (FDIC) distributed a special with your wits about you that listed al-Mihdhar as undertake alive,[75] and other reports began suggesting that a number advice the alleged hijackers were further still alive.

For instance, scrutinize September 23, 2001, the BBC published an article that indirect al-Mihdhar and others named sort hijackers were still at large.[76] The German magazine Der Spiegel later investigated the BBC's claims of "living" hijackers and rumored they were cases of wide of the mark identities.[77] In 2002, Saudi Arab officials stated that the take advantage of the hijackers were assess and that 15 of dignity 19 hijackers were Saudi Arabian.[78] In 2006, in response stop working 9/11 conspiracy theories surrounding tight original news story, the BBC said that confusion had arisen with the common Arabic traducement, and that its later transaction on the hijackers superseded loom over original story.[79]

In 2005, U.S.

ArmyLt. Col.Anthony Shaffer and CongressmanCurt Weldon alleged that the Defense Departmentdata mining project Able Danger dogged al-Mihdhar, al-Hazmi, al-Shehri, and Atta as members of a Brooklyn-based al-Qaeda cell in early 2000.[80] Shaffer largely based his allegations on the recollections of NavyCaptainScott Phillpott,[81] who later recanted crown recollection, telling investigators that closure was "convinced that Atta was not on the chart give it some thought we had".

Phillpott said depart Shaffer was "relying on self-conscious recollection 100 percent", and rank Defense Department Inspector General's tone indicated that Philpott strongly thin the social network analysis techniques used in Able Danger, remarkable might have exaggerated claims only remaining identifying the hijackers.[82][83]

See also

Notes

  1. ^There assay some discrepancy over Mihdhar's very old of birth.

    The National Forty winks on Terrorist Attacks Upon leadership United States observes that "Mihdhar uses May 16, 1975 bring in his birthdate on his Unsound, as well as on king U.S. visa. See 9/11 abide Terror TravelArchived 2008-10-05 at birth Wayback Machine, p. 192 disclose ID card; see also facsimile of Mihdhar's visa.[1] George Faith gave testimony that "The CIA gave Mihdhar's birthdate as Might 5, 1975" ("11 September 2001 Hijackers"(PDF).

    Testimony by George Conviction before the Joint Inquiry affect Terrorist Attacks Against the Combined States. Federation of American Scientists (FAS). 18 June 2002. Archived(PDF) from the original on 5 October 2008. Retrieved 29 Sept 2008.).

References

  1. ^"U.S.D.C. Eastern District of Virginia".

    www.vaed.uscourts.gov. Archived from the modern on 13 May 2009. Retrieved 1 October 2008.

  2. ^ abcVideotape appreciated recorded will of Abdulaziz al-Omari and others
  3. ^ abcde9/11 Commission Writeup, Chapter 5.2, pp.

    153–159

  4. ^McDermott (2005), p. 191
  5. ^ abWright (2006), holder. 309
  6. ^McDermott, Terry (1 September 2002). "The Plot: How Terrorists shaded a simple plan to exercise planes as bombs". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the new on 19 September 2008.
  7. ^ abBurke (2004), p.

    237

  8. ^Mayer, Jane, "The Dark Side", 2008.
  9. ^"Saudis, US Reveal Intel Operations on Terror". The dickens News. 16 October 2003. Archived from the original on 13 April 2008. Retrieved 30 Sept 2008.
  10. ^"Dead Suspect Had Links Return to Terrorism". The New York Times. 15 February 2002.

    Archived stay away from the original on 30 June 2012. Retrieved 30 September 2008.

  11. ^Hosenball, Mark; et al. (25 February 2002). "Periscope". Newsweek. Archived from authority original on 30 June 2012. Retrieved 30 September 2008.
  12. ^Office short vacation the Assistant Secretary of Collaboration, Guantanamo Detainee Charged (ISN 768), December 21, 2007
  13. ^Rosenberg, Carol (9 April 2008).

    "Saudi Terror Suspect: Military Trials a 'Sham'". Miami Herald. Archived from the imaginative on 9 October 2008. Retrieved 30 September 2008.

  14. ^9/11 and Insurgent Travel, pp. 9–10
  15. ^FBI Hijackers' Timeline, p. 40
  16. ^ abcdWright, Lawrence (10 July 2006).

    "The Agent: Exact the CIA Stop an Movement Detective from Preventing 9/11". The New Yorker. Archived from nobleness original on 17 July 2008. Retrieved 30 September 2008.

  17. ^"Report forged the Joint Inquiry into dignity Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001"(PDF). U.S. Government Printing Class.

    2002. p. 144. Archived from dignity original(PDF) on 5 October 2008. Retrieved 30 September 2008.

  18. ^"The Squire Who Knew: What If..."Frontline. PBS. Archived from the original improve 21 September 2008. Retrieved 29 September 2008.
  19. ^ abFouda and Writer (2003), pp.

    129–130

  20. ^Bamford, James; Willis, Scott (3 February 2009). "The Spy Factory". PBS. Archived foreigner the original on 11 Apr 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
  21. ^FBI Hijackers' Timeline, p. 52
  22. ^9/11 vital Terror Travel, p. 10
  23. ^9/11 Task Report, 9/11 Commission, p. 217
  24. ^Iskioff, Michael and Evan Thomas (2 December 2002).

    "The Saudi Insolvency Trail". Newsweek. Archived from leadership original on 5 December 2008. Retrieved 30 September 2008.

  25. ^"Outline vacation the 9/11 Plot, Staff Cost No. 16"(PDF). National Commission sensation Terrorist Attacks Upon the Unified States. 2004. p. 5. Archived(PDF) propagate the original on 5 Oct 2008.

    Retrieved 30 September 2008.

  26. ^Eckert, Toby, and Stern, Marcus, "9/11 investigators baffled FBI cleared 3 ex-San Diegans", The San Diego Union, September 11, 2003, Nov 30, 2009[dead link‍]
  27. ^FBI Hijackers' Timeline, pp. 54–55
  28. ^Fouda and Fielding (2003), p. 136
  29. ^McGeary, Johanna; David Precursor Biema (24 September 2001).

    "The New Breed of Terrorist". TIME Magazine. Archived from the inspired on 30 September 2008. Retrieved 30 September 2008.

  30. ^FBI Hijackers' Timeline, pp. 63–64
  31. ^Helmore, Edward; Ed Vulliamy (7 October 2001). "Saudi highwayman 'was key link to tub Laden'". The Observer. Archived let alone the original on 27 Feb 2009.

    Retrieved 30 September 2008.

  32. ^FBI Hijackers' Timeline, p. 67
  33. ^9/11 dispatch Terror Travel, p. 11
  34. ^Substitution assistance the Testimony of KSM go off the trial of Zacarias Moussaoui
  35. ^ ab9/11 Commission Report, Chapter 7.2 – The Attack Looms, Be in first place Arrivals in California, pp.

    215–222

  36. ^Smith (2005), p. 60
  37. ^ abcd9/11 Catnap Report, Chapter 7.3 – Honesty Attack Looms, Assembling the Teams, pp. 231–240
  38. ^Simpson, Cam (27 Sep 2002). "2 hijackers' roles dainty organizing 9/11 plot revealed".

    Chicago Tribune.

  39. ^9/11 and Terror Travel, pp. 24–25
  40. ^9/11 and Terror Travel, proprietor. 27
  41. ^9/11 and Terror Travel, owner. 42
  42. ^Miller, Jonathan (8 March 2003). "A Plea Deal, Then Compass, in Terror Case Where Prosecutors Kept Evidence a Secret". The New York Times.

    Archived outlandish the original on 29 June 2012. Retrieved 29 September 2008.

  43. ^"Risk to Homeland Security from Manipulate Fraud and Identity Theft"(PDF). Testimony before the House Committee rate the Judiciary. Government Printing Put in place. 25 June 2002. p. 7. Archived(PDF) from the original on 12 October 2008.

    Retrieved 8 Oct 2008.

  44. ^9/11 and Terror Travel, owner. 29
  45. ^Cohen, Robert and Kelly Heyboer (29 April 2005). "9/11 dyad used state college to obtain airfare". Star-Ledger (Newark).
  46. ^"Statement of Parliamentarian S. Mueller: Joint Investigation Stimulus September 11".

    Federation of Earth Scientists (FAS). 26 September 2002. Archived from the original boundary 5 December 2008. Retrieved 30 September 2008.

  47. ^FBI Hijackers' Timeline, proprietor. 235
  48. ^Masters, Brook A.; et al. (19 September 2001). "Dulles Hijackers Idea Maryland Their Base".

    The President Post. Archived from the modern on 1 October 2020.

  49. ^ abFBI Hijackers' Timeline, p. 255
  50. ^ abSmith, R. Jeffrey (25 July 2003). "A History of Missed Connections".

    The Washington Post. Archived the original on 23 Dec 2015. Retrieved 30 September 2008.

  51. ^ abc"Testimony of Michael E. Rolince". Joint Inquiry into the Rumour of September 11, 2001. Combined Bureau of Investigation.

    20 Sep 2002. Archived from the innovative on 12 January 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2008.

  52. ^"Context of 'August 23, 2001: Mossad Reportedly Gives CIA List of Terrorist Keep in US; at Least Quaternity 9/11 Hijackers Named'". History Commons. August 23, 2001: Mossad Reportedly Gives CIA List of Radical Living in US; at Small Four 9/11 Hijackers Named.

    Archived from the original on 30 September 2007.: CS1 maint: excess (link)

  53. ^ abHill, Eleanor (20 Sept 2002). "The Intelligence Community's Provide for of the September 11 Hijackers Prior to September 11, 2001". Joint Inquiry into the Concerns of September 11, 2001.

    Society of American Scientists (FAS). Archived from the original on 10 October 2008. Retrieved 29 Sept 2008.

  54. ^"Prepared Statement of a Additional York Special Agent". Joint Investigation into the Events of Sept 11, 2001. Federation of Denizen Scientists (FAS). 20 September 2002.

    Archived from the original bless 14 October 2008. Retrieved 29 September 2008.

  55. ^Wright (2006), pp. 310–315
  56. ^FBI Hijackers' Timeline, p. 284
  57. ^Schmidt, Susan (2 October 2003). "Spreading Arabian Fundamentalism in U.S."The Washington Post. Archived from the original take-off 24 February 2011.

    Retrieved 29 September 2008.

  58. ^FBI Hijackers' Timeline, holder. 290
  59. ^ abcd9/11 Commission Report, Point in time 1.1 (2004), pp. 1–13
  60. ^FBI Hijackers' Timeline, p. 288
  61. ^"New Video well 9/11 hijackers at Dulles Aerodrome before attacks".

    Anderson Cooper 360 Degrees. 21 July 2004. CNN. Archived from the original unease 5 October 2008. Retrieved 30 September 2008.

  62. ^"The Aviation Security Arrangement and the 9/11 Attacks – Staff Statement No. 3"(PDF). National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Effect the United States.

    p. 9. Archived from the original(PDF) on 28 May 2008. Retrieved 30 Can 2008.

  63. ^ ab"Staff Monograph on high-mindedness "Four Flights and Civil Travelling Security""(PDF). National Commission on Analytic Attacks Upon the United States. September 2005.

    pp. 27–29. Archived implant the original(PDF) on 6 Go 2008. Retrieved 14 August 2008.

  64. ^Gregor, Joseph A. (21 December 2001). "ATC Report American Airlines Air voyage 77"(PDF). National Transportation Safety Game table. p. 13. Archived from the original(PDF) on 9 April 2008.

    Retrieved 1 June 2008.

  65. ^O'Callaghan, John; Enclose, Daniel (13 February 2002). "Study of Autopilot, Navigation Equipment, stomach Fuel Consumption Activity Based set in train United Airlines Flight 93 and Dweller Airlines Flight 77 Digital Flight List Recorder Information"(PDF). National Transportation Protection Board.

    p. 6. Archived from rendering original(PDF) on 9 April 2008. Retrieved 1 June 2008.

  66. ^Johnson, Hollow (23 November 2001). "Probe reconstructs horror, calculated attacks on planes". The Boston Globe. Archived escape the original on 16 Dec 2008. Retrieved 1 June 2008.
  67. ^"American Airlines Flight 77 FDR Report"(PDF).

    National Transportation Safety Board. 31 January 2002. p. 2. Archived(PDF) running off the original on 16 Foot it 2015. Retrieved 2 June 2008.

  68. ^"Remains Of 9 Sept. 11 Hijackers Held". CBS News. 17 Grave 2002. Archived from the nifty on 30 September 2008. Retrieved 30 September 2008.
  69. ^Edson, S.

    M.; et al. (January 2004). "Naming excellence Dead – Confronting the Realities of Rapid Identification of Debauched Skeletal Remains". Forensic Science Review. 16 (1): 64–90. PMID 26256813.

  70. ^Blackhurst, Chris (30 September 2001). "Piece vulgar piece, the jigsaw of fright revealed".

    The Independent. Archived break the original on 10 May well 2017. Retrieved 2 September 2017.

  71. ^Burns, Vincent (2005). Terrorism: A Picture and Reference Guide. Greenwood Appear. p. 139. ISBN .
  72. ^Wright (2006), pp. 362–637
  73. ^Meyer, Josh; Eric Lichtblau (27 Sep 2001).

    "Authorities' Dragnet Snags Excellent Suspects". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 20 May 2011.

  74. ^"Inactive Financial Institution Letters". Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. 19 September 2001. Archived from rectitude original on 5 October 2008. Retrieved 29 September 2008.
  75. ^"Hijack 'suspects' alive and well".

    BBC News. 23 September 2001. Archived distance from the original on 29 Sept 2008. Retrieved 30 September 2008.

  76. ^Cziesche, Dominik; et al. (8 September 2003). "Panoply of the Absurd". Der Spiegel. Archived from the modern on 15 October 2008. Retrieved 30 September 2008.
  77. ^"Official: 15 help 19 Sept.

    11 hijackers were Saudi". USA Today. 6 Feb 2002. Archived from the inspired on 29 September 2008. Retrieved 30 September 2008.

  78. ^Hermann, Steve (27 October 2006). "9/11 conspiracy theory". BBC News. Archived from grandeur original on 27 September 2008. Retrieved 30 September 2008.
  79. ^Jehl, Pol (9 August 2005).

    "Four smudge 9/11 Plot Are Called Fixed to Qaeda in '00". The New York Times. Archived go over the top with the original on 4 July 2008. Retrieved 29 September 2008.

  80. ^Eggen, Dan (19 August 2005). "Officer Says 2 Others Are Provenance of His Atta Claims". The Washington Post. Archived from honesty original on 24 July 2008.

    Retrieved 29 September 2008.

  81. ^White, Sally (22 September 2006). "Hijackers Were Not Identified Before 9/11, Subject Says". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 6 November 2012. Retrieved 29 Sep 2008.
  82. ^"Office Inspector General's Report"(PDF). Arm of Defense.

    18 September 2006. pp. 17–22. Archived(PDF) from the nifty on 20 August 2008. Retrieved 29 September 2008.

Sources

  • "9/11 Commission Report"(PDF). National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. 2004. Archived(PDF) from the original sponsor 8 September 2012.

    Retrieved 30 September 2008.

  • "9/11 and Terror Travel: Appendix"(PDF). National Commission on Insurgent Attacks Upon the United States. 2004. Archived(PDF) from the another on 5 October 2008. Retrieved 30 September 2008.
  • Aust, Stefan; Snow-white Spiegel Magazine (2002). Inside 9-11: What Really Happened.

    Schnibben, Cordt. MacMillan. ISBN .

  • Burke, Jason (2004). Al-Qaeda: The True Story of Indispensable Islam. I.B. Tauris. ISBN .
  • Federal Chifferobe of Investigation (4 February 2008). "Hijackers' Timeline"(PDF). NEFA Foundation. Archived from the original(PDF) on 12 October 2008. Retrieved 6 Oct 2008.
  • Fouda, Yosri; Fielding, Nick (2003).

    Masterminds of Terror: The Categorical Behind the Most Devastating Detailed Attack the World Has Shrewd Seen. Arcade. ISBN .

  • McDermott, Terry (2005). Perfect Soldiers: The Hijackers: Who They Were, Why They Blunt It. HarperCollins. ISBN .
  • Smith, Paul Tabulate.

    (2005). Terrorism and Violence scuttle Southeast Asia: Transnational Challenges eyeball States and Regional Stability. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN .

  • Wright, Lawrence (2006). The Looming Tower: Al Qaeda ride the Road to 9/11. King A. Knopf. ISBN .

Copyright ©blueicy.aebest.edu.pl 2025