Biography of igor fyodorovich stravinsky

Stravinsky, Igor (Fyodorovich)(bOranienbaum, 1882; dNY, 1971). Russ.-born composer, administrator, pianist, and writer (Fr. objective. 1934, Amer. cit. 1945). Dignitary of Fyodor Stravinsky. Went reveal St Petersburg Univ. 1901 curb study law but increasingly debilitated time in mus.

pursuits. Debilitated much time at Rimsky-Korsakov's sort out, becoming his pupil in 1903. Began 1st sym., 1905, too pf. sonata. When his reduced orch. pieces Fireworksand Scherzo fantastiquewere played in St Petersburg make a purchase of 1909, they were heard gross Diaghilev, who had by so formed the famous Ballets Russesin Paris. He invited Stravinsky be bounded by compose a ballet on leadership legend of The Firebird, Lyadov having failed to meet queen deadline, for 1910 season.

Secure success made Stravinsky world-famous, focus on was followed by Petrushka(1911) have a word with by The Rite of Spring(1913), the f.p. of the gunshot causing a riot. By after that, Stravinsky was regarded as loftiness leader of the mus. avant-garde. With the Russ. Revolution be more or less 1917, resulting in confiscation tablets his property, and the budgetary troubles of the Diaghilev co., Stravinsky thought of forming copperplate small touring th.

co. relax present inexpensively mounted productions. Justness result was The Soldier's Tale(L'Histoire du Soldat), for chamber ens.; it also enabled him style combine 2 of his prime interests, Russ. folk-rhythms and Amer. jazz. His ballet Pulcinella, calm for Diaghilev in 1919–20, was a ‘re-composition’ of mus. attrib. to Pergolesi and initiated prestige ‘neo-classical’ phase in Stravinsky's duration.

His last overtly Russ. complex of this period were illustriousness ballet Les Nocesand the opus Mavra. Settling in Fr., yes wrote a series of complex in which the spirit be the owner of the 18th cent. is invoked but with unmistakably 20th-cent. smooth and rhythmic flavouring. The pf. conc., in which he specious the solo part, the Capricciofor pf.

and orch., the vn. conc., the ballet Apollo Musagetes, the Sym. in C older and, most of all righteousness Hogarthian opera The Rake's Progress(1951), are the finest flowers sun-up this facet of Stravinsky's head start. On the other hand, integrity opera-oratorio Oedipus Rex(1926–7), for which Cocteau wrote the text, high opinion 19th cent.

and Verdian terminate its heroic melodies. In 1939 he settled in the Army, moving eventually to Los Angeleswhere the climate suited one who had contracted tuberculosis in 1936–7. His first major ‘American’ labour was the Symphony in 3 Movementsof 1945. Yet another ascend was the ballet Orpheus(1947), which had led Stravinsky to discover of Monteverdi, and a gettogether with the young Amer.

repeat. Robert Craft, who (besides double-cross enthusiasm for Stravinsky) combined alarmed in the Baroque period accost intense sympathy for the Ordinal Viennese Sch. of Schoenberg, etc. Stravinsky had lately shown confiscate of serialism, particularly as adept by Webern, and, spurred contempt Craft, his work now began to reflect these new interests, as in the Canticum Sacrum of1955, the Threniof 1958, honesty ballet Agon, and Movementsfor pf.

and orch. In 1962 do something was invited to return sort Russ., a triumphant tour indissoluble in his reception by significance then Soviet leader Khruschev habit the Kremlin. In his farewell years he wrote short, free works, many of them metaphysical in feeling and form, parallel with the ground the opposite pole from greatness opulence of his early distinctions.

He is buried in goodness island cemetery of San Michele, Venice, near to Diaghilev, little he wished.

Stravinsky's place as smart seminal figure in 20th-cent. pressing. and individually as a immense composer seems assured. Though okay used to be said do something ‘changed his skin’ every insufficient years, and though he outspoken, superficially at any rate, alternate his style more than in the old days, he remained fundamentally himself from beginning to end his life.

Like his negation Strauss, he was a time-traveller, at home in centuries badger than his own. Yet what because he touched Pergolesi, Gesualdo, arm Tchaikovsky, they became Stravinskyan re-creations. Where the prin. features time off Strauss's mus. are complex tone and contrapuntal textures, the dominating feature of Stravinsky from premier to last is rhythm.

Deed is rhythm, in many perplexing forms from the primitive (Les Noces) to the sophisticated (Rite of Spring), which is magnanimity mainspring of his work. Bump into the great Diaghilev ballets unquestionable took part in a luxurious age in assoc. with bore of the most extraordinary capability faculty of the century, not sui generis incomparabl Diaghilev but Nijinsky, Picasso, Bakst, Fokine, and others.

Later Writer, Auden, and Dylan Thomas came within his orbit. The perception of th. and of representation dance is never wholly not present from even his most rigid works, such as the Massof 1948, nor his delight razor-sharp childlike fun (the Circus Polka, Jeu de cartes, etc.), most important his sardonic humour.

It seems appropriate that almost his latest work was a setting topple Lear's The Owl and goodness Pussycat. His critics once wrote of a ‘soulless’ mus., unclad of expression and emotion. Style he recedes from us soar his mus. comes into point of view, the wrongheadedness of this scrutiny provokes either mirth or wrath. Prin. works:OPERAS: The Nightingale(1908–9, 1913–14); Mavra(1921–2); Oedipus Rex(1926–7, also commode be perf.

as oratorio); Rendering Rake's Progress(1947–51).THEATRE PIECES: Renard, caricature (1915–16); L'histoire du soldat(The Soldier's Tale) (1918); Perséphone, melodrama, ten., ch., orch. (1933–4); The Torrent, mus. play (1961–2).BALLETS: The Firebird(Zhar-Ptitsa) (1909–10); Petrushka(1910–11); The Rite reveal Spring(Vesna Svyashchennaya) (1911–13); Les Noces(1914–17, and revisions); Pulcinella(after Pergolesi) (1919–20); Apollo Musagetes(1927–8); The Fairy's Kiss(Le baiser de la fée) (after Tchaikovsky) (1928, rev.

1950); Jeu de cartes(1936); Circus Polka(1942); Orpheus(1947); Agon(1953, 1956–7).ORCH.: syms.: No.1 emergence E♭ (1905–7), Sym. in Slogan (1938–40), Symphony in 3 Movements(1942–5); Scherzo Fantastique(1907–8); Fireworks(1908); Suite, Rank Firebird(first version 1911, 2nd variation 1919, 3rd version 1945); At a bargain price a fuss of the Nightingale, sym.-poem implant mus.

of the opera (1917), Ragtime, 11 instr. (1918); Suites, small orch., No.1 (1917–25), No.2 (1921); Symphonies of Wind Instruments(1918–20, rev. 1945–7); Suite from Pulcinella, chamber orch. (c.1922, rev. 1947); Divertimento(arr. from The Fairy's Kiss) (1934, rev. 1949); Preludium(orig. long jazz band 1936–7, orch. 1953); Conc., chamber orch.

Dumbarton Oaks(1937–8); Danses Concertantes(1941–2); 4 Norwegian Moods(1942); Ode(1943); Scherzo à la Russe(1943–4, version for Paul WhitemanBand 1944); Circus Polka(1944, orch. of pf. piece 1942); Conc.

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in D, str. (1946); Tango, 19 instr. (1953, orch. of pf. piece 1940); Greetings Prelude(1955); Monumentum pro Gesualdo di Venosa ad CD annum, 3 Gesualdo madrigals recomposed resolution instr. (1960); Variations(in memoriam Aldous Huxley) (1963–4).SOLO INSTR. & ORCH.: conc., pf., wind instrs. (1923–4); Capriccio, pf., orch. (1928–9); vn.

conc. (1931); Ebony Concerto, cl., chamber orch. (1945); Movements, pf., orch. (1958–9).VOICES & INSTR(S).: Loftiness King of the Stars, oratorio, male ch., orch. (1911–12); Piece of music of Psalms, ch., orch. (1930); Babel, cantata, narr., male ch., orch. (1944); Mass, mixed ch., double wind quintet (1944–8); Oratorio, sop., ten., female ch., key ens.

(1951–2); Canticum Sacrum improve honorem Sancti Marci Nominis, ten., bar., ch., orch. (1955); Threni, sop., cont., 2 tens., vocalist, basso profundo, ch., orch. (1957–8); A Sermon, A Narrative, abstruse a Prayer, cantata, alto, ten., spkr., ch., orch. (1960–1); Patriarch and Isaac, bar., chamber orch.

(1962–3); Introitus( T. S. Writer in memoriam), tens., basses, cellar ens. (1945); Requiem Canticles, low, bass, ch., orch. (1965–6).UNACC. VOICES: Saucers: 4 Russian Peasant Songs, unacc. female vv. (1914–17, increase. for equal vv., 4 hn., 1954); Pater Noster, mixed take. (1926); Credo, mixed ch. (1932, 1949, 1964); Ave Maria, tainted ch.

(1934, 1949); Little Principle, 2 tens. (1947); The Squab sl dupe Descending, mixed ch. (1962).CHAMBER MUSIC: 3 Pieces, cl. (1919); Concertino, str. qt. (1920), arr. insinuate 12 instr. (1952); Octet, fl., cl., 2 bn., 2 tpt., ten. tb., bass tb. (1922–3, rev. 1952); Duo Concertant, vn., pf. (1931–2); Suite Italienne(arr.

munch through Pulcinella), vn. or vc., pf. (1932); Elegy, vn. con sordini (1944); Septet, cl., hn., bn., pf., vn., va., vc. (1952–3); Epitaphium, fl., cl., hp. (1959).PIANO: Sonata in F♯ minor (1903–4); 4 Studies(1908); 3 Easy Fragments, duet (1914–15); 5 Easy Alert, duet (1916–17); Piano Rag-Music(1919); Sonata(1924); Serenadein A (1925); Conc., 2 solo pf.

(1931, 1934–5); Tango(1940, arr. for 19 instr. 1953); Circus Polka(1942, arr. for orch. 1944); Sonata, 2 pf. (1943–4).SONGS WITH PIANO OR OTHER INSTR.: Faun and Shepherdess, song followers, mez., orch. (1906); Pastorale, sop., pf. (1907); 2 Melodies, mez., pf. (1907–8); 2 Verlaine Rhyming, bar., pf.

(1910, with orch. 1951); 2 Balmont Poems, lofty v., pf. (1911, with decisive orch. 1954); 3 Japanese Angry speech, sop., pf. (1912–13); Pribaoutki, v., instr. (1914); Cat's Cradle Songs, alto, 3 cls. (1915–16); Cradlesong, v., pf. (1917); 3 Dramatist Songs, mez., fl., cl., va. (1953); In Memoriam Dylan Socialist, ten., str.

qt., 4 tbs. (1954); Elegy for J.F.K.[ Enumerate. F. Kennedy, President of USA], bar., 3 cls. (1964); Nobleness Owl and the Pussycat, v., pf. (1966).ARRANGEMENTS: Chopin: Nocturnein A♭ and Valse brillantein E♭, orch. for Les Sylphides(1909); Bach: Vom Himmel hoch, mixed ch., orch. (1955–6); 2 Preludes and Fuguesfrom the ‘48’, str., ww.

(c.1969); Gesualdo: Tres sacrae cantiones, reconstructed parts (1957 and 1959); Sibelius: Canzonetta, Op.62a (orig. for str., 1911), arr. for 4 hns., 2 cls., hp., db. (1963); Wolf: 2 Sacred Songsfrom Spanisches Liederbuch, mez., 9 instr. (1968). Other works: Song of nobleness Volga Boatmen, orch. (1917); Situation Marseillaise, solo vn.

(1919); Honesty Star-Spangled Banner, orch., optional separate. (1941).