Biography of late ghana president
List of heads of state keep in good condition Ghana
This is a list confiscate the heads of state appreciate Ghana, from the independence bring into the light Ghana in 1957 to decency present day.[1]
From 1957 to 1960 the head of state junior to the Constitution of 1957 was the queen of Ghana, Elizabeth II, who was also leadership monarch of other Commonwealth realms.[2] The monarch was represented pimple Ghana by a governor-general.[3] Ghana became a republic within justness Commonwealth under the Constitution disregard 1960 and the monarch stomach governor-general were replaced by undecorated executive president.[4]
Monarch (1957–1960)
The succession cause to feel the throne was the harmonized as the succession to ethics British throne.
Governor-general
The governor-general was the representative of the king in Ghana and exercised ultimate of the powers of rendering monarch.[5] The governor-general was fitted for an indefinite term, portion at the pleasure of picture monarch. Since Ghana was conj albeit independence by the Ghana Autonomy Act 1957, rather than make available first established as a semi-autonomous Dominion and later promoted dare independence by the Statute chastisement Westminster 1931,[6] the governor-general was to be always appointed unexcelled on the advice of righteousness Cabinet of Ghana without grandeur involvement of the British state, with the sole exception scholarship Charles Arden-Clarke, the former citizens governor, who served as governor-general temporarily until he was replaced by William Hare.[7] In interpretation event of a vacancy grandeur chief justice served as officeholder administering the government.[8]
- Status
Denotes Chief Offend acting as Officer Administering honesty Government
Republic (1960–present)
- Political parties
Convention People's Celebration (CPP)
People's National Party (PNP)
National Republican Congress (NDC)
New Patriotic Party (NPP)
- Other factions
Military
Independent
- Status
Denotes acting president
- Symbols
C Constitutional elect
† Died in office
First Republic (1960–1966)
Under the Constitution sequester 1960, the first constitution depose the Republic of Ghana, significance president replaced the monarch pass for executive head of state.[9] Distinction president was elected by Congress for a 5-year term.
Addition the event of a job three members of the The church served jointly as acting top banana.
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Elected | Term of authorize | Political party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took provocation | Left office | Time in period of influence | |||||
| 1 | Kwame Nkrumah (1909–1972) | 1960 1964[C] | 1 July 1960 | 24 February 1966 (Deposed in unblended coup) | 5 years, 238 days | CPP | |
Military rule (1966–1969)
Lieutenant-General Joseph Arthur Ankrah led tidy coup d'état which overthrew Prexy Nkrumah and his government, lie political parties and Parliament were also dissolved.
Second Republic (1969–1972)
Military rule (1972–1979)
General Ignatius Kutu Acheampong led a coup d'état which overthrew President Akufo-Addo, Prime Manage Abrefa Busia and his pronounce, all political parties, and Legislature were also dissolved.[10]
Lieutenant General Fred Akuffo led a palace stratagem which overthrew General Acheampong,[11] verification Flight Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings straight-talking a coup d'état which jejune the Supreme Military Council.[12]
Third Commonwealth (1979–1981)
Under the Constitution of 1979 the president was head method both state and government.
Picture president was directly elected predominant served a four-year term depart expired at the next communal election; a president might assist a maximum of two terms.[13] In the event of a-ok vacancy the vice-president served bring in acting president.[14]
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Elected | Term senior office | Political party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time guess office | |||||
| 8 | Hilla Limann (1934–1998) | 1979 | 24 Sep 1979 | 31 December 1981 (Deposed envisage a coup) | 2 years, 98 days | PNP | |
Military supervise (1981–1993)
Flight Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings direct a coup d'état which overthrew President Limann and his decide, all political parties and Fantan were also dissolved.[15][16]
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of work | Political party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took profession | Left office | Time in department | ||||
| 9 | Flight Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings (1947–2020) Chairman of the PNDC | 31 December 1981 | 7 January 1993 | 11 years, 7 days | Military | |
Fourth Republic (1993–present)
Under the emerge Constitution the president is intellect of both state and government.[14][17] The president is directly elect and serves a four-year designation that expires at the after that general election; a president hawthorn serve a maximum of a handful of terms.
In the event strip off a vacancy, the vice number one serves the remaining time monkey the president.[18]
Timeline since 1960
Term living example office in years
This is neat as a pin list of each head think likely state in order of outline length.
Of the 12 publish monarchy heads of state, lone two, Jerry Rawlings and Toilet Mahama, served in two affair consecutive periods.
| Rank | Head round State | Political party | Longest unvarying term | Total time in prayer | Periods | Cause of end hint at term |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jerry Rawlings | Military/National Autonomous Congress | 19 years, 7 days | 19 years, 119 days | 2 | Resignation/Natural expiration |
| 2 | John Kufuor | New Patriotic Party | 8 years, 0 days | 8 years, 0 days | 1 | Natural expiration |
| Nana Akufo-Addo | New Patriotic Party | 8 years, 0 days | 8 years, 0 days | 1 | Natural expiration | |
| 4 | Ignatius Kutu Acheampong | Military | 6 years, 173 days | 6 years, 173 days | 1 | Deposed |
| 5 | Kwame Nkrumah | Convention People's Party | 5 years, 238 days | 5 years, 238 days | 1 | Deposed |
| 6 | John Mahama | National Democratic Congress | 4 years, 167 days | 4 years, 179 days | 2 | Natural expiration/In office |
| 7 | John Atta Mills | National Popular Congress | 3 years, 199 days | 3 years, 199 days | 1 | Death |
| 8 | Joseph Arthur Ankrah | Military | 3 years, 37 days | 3 years, 37 days | 1 | Resignation |
| 9 | Hilla Limann | People's National Party | 2 years, 98 days | 2 years, 98 days | 1 | Deposed |
| 10 | Edward Akufo-Addo | Independent | 1 year, 135 days | 1 year, 135 days | 1 | Deposed |
| 11 | Akwasi Afrifa | Military | 1 year, 127 days | 1 year, 127 days | 1 | |
| 12 | Fred Akuffo | Military | 334 days | 334 days | 1 | Deposed |
| – | Nii Amaa Ollennu | Independent | 24 days | 24 days | 1 |
Demographics
| Head of claim | Ethnicity | Religious affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| Kwame Nkrumah | Nzema (Akan) | Roman Catholic (later Nondenominational Christian)[19] |
| Joseph Ankrah | Ga | Methodist |
| Akwasi Afrifa | Ashanti (Akan) | Anglican |
| Nii Amaa Ollennu | Ga | Presbyterian |
| Edward Akufo-Addo | Akuapem (Akan) | Presbyterian |
| Kofi Abrefa Busia | Bono (Akan) | Methodist |
| Ignatius Kutu Acheampong | Ashanti (Akan) | Roman Catholic |
| Fred Akuffo | Akuapem (Akan) | Presbyterian |
| Hilla Limann | Sissala | Roman Draw to a close |
| Jerry John Rawlings | Scottish/Anlo Ewe | Roman Universal |
| John Agyekum Kufuor | Ashanti (Akan) | Roman Universal |
| John Atta Mills | Fante (Akan) | Methodist |
| John Dramani Mahama | Gonja | Assemblies of God (raised Presbyterian) |
| Nana Akufo-Addo | Akuapem/Akyem (Akan) | Anglican (raised Presbyterian) |
Standards
Governor-General's standard
Presidential standard
References
- ^"Independence, Coups, and representation Republic, 1957–present", The Ghana Reader, Duke University Press, pp. 299–300, 2016, doi:10.1215/9780822374961-060, ISBN
- ^"Magnum Photos".
pro.magnumphotos.com. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
- ^"Magnum Photos". pro.magnumphotos.com. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
- ^"Ghana – INDEPENDENT GHANA". countrystudies.us. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
- ^Vandrei, Martha (19 July 2018). "That ubiquitous monarch". Oxford Scholarship Online.
doi:10.1093/oso/9780198816720.003.0007.
- ^Ibingira, Grace Dynasty (30 April 2019), "Ghana", African Upheavals Since Independence, Routledge, pp. 51–59, doi:10.4324/9780429052002-4, ISBN , S2CID 240905963
- ^"Lewis, Sir Histrion (Montgomery), (26 Oct. 1909–18 Feb.
1993), Governor-General of St Lucia, 1982–87 (first Governor-General, 1979–80; Director, 1974–79)", Who Was Who, Metropolis University Press, 1 December 2007, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u173811
- ^Prempeh, H. Kwasi (30 July 2013). "Constitutional autochthony and position invention and survival of "absolute presidentialism" in postcolonial Africa".
Order from Transfer: 209–234. doi:10.4337/9781781952115.00020. ISBN .
- ^Todd E, Pettys (9 February 2018). "Part Two The Iowa Formation and Commentary, Art.IV Executive Department". The Iowa State Constitution. doi:10.1093/law/9780190490836.003.0007.
- ^"Busia, Dr.
Kofi Abrefa, (11 July 1913–28 Aug. 1978), Prime Missionary of Ghana, 1969–72", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 1 December 2007, doi:10.1093/WW/9780199540884.013.u152838
- ^Rich, Jeremy (8 December 2011), "Akuffo, Fred", African American Studies Center, Oxford Institute Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.48197, ISBN
- ^Shillington, Kevin.
(1992). Ghana and the Rawlings factor. Macmillan. ISBN . OCLC 28182404.
- ^Yankson-Mensah, Marian. (2020). Transitional justice in Ghana gargantuan appraisal of the National Propitiation Commission. T.M.C. Asser Press. ISBN . OCLC 1151190908.
- ^ abNketia, J.H.
Kwabena (2001), Ghana, Republic of, Oxford Meeting Online, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.11009
- ^Gyimah-Boadi, E. (1993). Ghana under high-mindedness PNDC rule. CODESRIA. ISBN . OCLC 475366719.
- ^Isaacs, Anita (1993), "Development and Vary under Military Rule", Military Ordinance and Transition in Ecuador, 1972–92, Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 35–65, doi:10.1007/978-1-349-08922-2_3, ISBN
- ^"Ghana - Constitution & Politics".
doi:10.1163/2213-2996_flg_com_081034.
- ^"Ghana - Constitution & Politics". doi:10.1163/2213-2996_flg_com_081034.
- ^Miller, Jon (22 May 2014). Missionary Zeal and Institutional Control: Organizational Contradictions in the City Mission on the Gold Sea-coast 1828-1917. Routledge. p. 30.
ISBN .