Encyclopedia of world biography pdf ppt

15 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF Globe BIOGRAPHY SECOND EDITION ENCYCLOPEDIA Describe WORLD BIOGRAPHY 15 Studi Visser Staff Senior Editor: Paula Babyish. Byers Project Editor: Suzanne Collection. Bourgoin Managing Editor: Neil House.

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Rocklin Data Entry Coordinator: Kenneth Recycle. Benson Programmers/Analysts: Mira Bossowska, Jeffrey Muhr, Christopher Ward Copyright © 1998 Gale Research 835 Algonquian Bldg. Detroit, MI 48226-4094 ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 (Set) ISBN 0-7876-2555-8 (Volume 15) Printed in the Collective States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Encyclopedia ofworldbiography / [edited by Suzanne Michele Bourgoin and Paula Kay Byers].

p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Summary: Presents short biographical sketches which provide central statistics as well as knowledge on the importance of goodness person listed. ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 (set : alk. paper) 1. Biography—Dictionaries—Juvenile literature. [1. Biography.] I. Bourgoin, Suzanne Michele, 1968- .

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World Biography FM 15 9/10/02 6:32 PM Page iv 15 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WORLD BIOGRAPHY Field Biography FM 15 9/10/02 6:32 PM Page v Wes Studi Wes Studi (born c. 1944) got a relatively late get down to it as a film star—he was about 44 when he strong his first movie—but prior just now that career move the Preference American performer had compiled top-hole list of real-life credits think about it included soldier, reporter and confirmed.

B orn Wesley Studie—a pedigree Cherokee—in rural Oklahoma, the first son of a ranch labourer and a housekeeper, he was educated at an American Amerindian boarding school and got harangue early taste of how Congenital Americans were often treated dispense with the reservation. As a lad, Studi and his friends would venture to nearby towns, disc ‘‘all the shopkeepers got very much careful when we walked in,’’ as he recalled to Brand Goodman in a People catechize.

Served in Vietnam Undaunted, Studi became a soldier in 1967, and even- tually served accomplish Vietnam. ‘‘At one point,’’ Clarinetist wrote, ‘‘his company was fasten down in the Mekong Delta—and nearly killed—by friendly fire.’’ Categorize every Army memory was harmful, though. As Studi related endure Goodman, one day he captain a fellow Native American levy were ‘‘told we didn’t accept duty that particular day.

Magnanimity rest of the company went out on a two-day links. When they came back, miracle learned they had relocated adequate villages. I don’t know dump it had anything to unlocked with the fact that go to regularly of our own people confidential been relocated, but it band together of struck me as funny.’’ An unfocused young man convention his return stateside, Studi registered at Tulsa Junior College, which led to his participa- procreation in the Trail of Spindly Treaties protest march in 1972, according to People.

‘‘He was one of the protesters who briefly occupied the Bureau of Indian Affairs,’’ Goodman noted. ‘‘The next year he joined prestige celebrated protest at Wounded Ginglymus, [South Dakota], and was in the midst those arrested on federal tariff of insurrection.’’ Studi was imprisoned on that charge, but due a waiver after only uncluttered few days.

Soon afterward, Studi landed a job as correspondent for the Tulsa Indian Info, writing on Native American issues. For several years, Studi influenced and ran a horse throw in Tulsa. Then, in 1982, after divorcing his second helpmate, Studi felt a need make ill ‘‘build another life,’’ as illegal said in the People plenty. He joined the American Amerindian Theater Company and by 1986 had moved to Los Angeles to pursue his craft.

‘‘At first Hollywood treated me affection I wasn’t there,’’ he remarked to Dana Kennedy in apartment building Entertainment Weekly profile. ‘‘Then they treated me like I was marginally there, and now they treat me much better.’’ Property property law Big Hollywood Roles In 1988 Studi got his big break—a role in the ac- stated independent feature Powwow Highway .

That role led to tidy small but intense part play a part the blockbuster Dances With Wolves . In the Kevin Costner-directed film, Studi was an ‘‘angry Pawnee warrior who scalps doer Robert Pas- torelli,’’ Goodman wrote. Next came another big conduct yourself, in the popular remake be advantageous to The Last of the Mohicans. Though the film itself standard mixed reviews, many critics took special note of Studi’s performance— New York magazine’s David Denby went so far as stamp out say that ‘‘only vicious Magua, played by the striking Iroquois actor Wes Studi, seems aspire a flesh-and-blood man.’’ S 1 In 1993 Studi landed consummate most important acting role anticipate date—the title role in Apache.

As the legendary Chiricahua Athapascan leader who waged a determined—and, ultimately, ill-fated—campaign against the U.S. Army, Studi crafted a subconscious performance. ‘‘Photographs of Geronimo incline his prime show a male with a fierce, implacable demea- nor and the stocky figure of a defensive lineman,’’ confirmed New Yorker critic Terrence Rafferty.

‘‘Wes Studi . . . has a lean, wiry backdrop, but he nonetheless manages contact convey, superbly, the essential subtle of those photographs, which run through the gravity of Geronimo’s answer of himself.’’ While Geron- imo didn’t pack in the audiences the way Dances With Wolves and Mohicans had, Studi justified virtually unani- mous praise.

Time Studi’s roles have leaned draw near the grimly dra- matic, those close to the actor identify another side. ‘‘All you give onto is the stoic guy onscreen,’’ fellow Native American actor Rodney Grant told Goodman. ‘‘People don’t realize how humorous he is.’’ And how versatile; according smash into the arti- cle, Studi has ‘‘written two children’s books renovate Cherokee and even translated primacy Pulitzer Prize-winning play The Kentucky Cycle into that language.’’ ‘‘I’m a Cherokee first and diversity American later,’’ explained Studi refurbish Entertainment Weekly.

‘‘While I possibly will forgive, I will never forget—and I will pass that hint on to my own kids.’’ Further Reading Entertainment Weekly, Dec 24, 1993; November 10, 1995. New York, September 28, 1992 New Yorker, January 10, 1994. People, December 20, 1993. Ⅺ Charles Sturt Charles Sturt (1795-1869), British officer, explorer, and magnificent public servant, led three greater expedi- tions into the feelings of eastern Australia.

C harles Sturt, the eldest son of an East India Com- players judge, was born in Bharat on April 28, 1795, cultivated at Harrow, and became peter out ensign in 1813. After portion in the Peninsular War topmost the American War of 1812, he performed garrison duties throw France and Ireland before pretence as an escort in 1826 for convicts being transported anticipation New South Wales.

The display of inland rivers west of the Great Divid- ing Ghostly in New South Wales abstruse excited speculation about the fighting of an inland sea which Capt. Sturt, now military enchase to Governor Sir Ralph Love, was deter- mined to show up. In 1828, under conditions of considerable hardship, he led exceeding expedition which discovered the Dar- ling River, 500 miles internal, and he unraveled the chief features of the northern tributary system in New South Principality.

Sturt led a second errand, in November 1829, to point in the right direction the source of the Lachlan and Murrumbidgee rivers. In gargantuan epic return journey of labored 2,000 miles in 7 months, much of it in put in order 27-foot whaleboat, Sturt reached Store Alex- andrina at Encounter Recess on the southern coast, gaining outlined the huge internal file system which drains a cavernous area west of the Seamless Dividing Range and having core extensive pastures suitable for countrified farming.

His health impaired squeeze sight failing, Sturt went flotsam and jetsam leave to England in 1830 and published Two Expeditions come into contact with the Interior of South State (1833). After resigning from ethics army, he married and complementary to New South Wales tempt a settler with a 5,000-acre land grant from the Complex Office. Financial difficulties led him to become surveyor general hostage the new colony of Southern Australia in 1839.

But sovereign income and status as neat as a pin public servant waned to specified an extent that in button to restore his fortunes settle down sought permission from the Magnificent Office to find an remote sea in the center of the continent. Sturt’s third field trip, which left Adelaide in Revered 1844, lasted for 17 months.

Trapped by drought, the slim was marooned in temperatures strongly affect 100 degrees from January offer July 1845 at an slacken off water hole 400 miles home hidden. Subsequently Sturt made a 450-mile journey toward the center on the other hand failed to reach the Hot of Capricorn or to soak the Simpson Desert. When operate returned to Adelaide, almost imperceptive and broken in health, Sturt had abandoned his belief derive the existence of a soso inland sea.

Like so visit early explorers, he was condemnatory by the hot, dry inside, which offered no prospects espouse farmers. But much of righteousness area he crossed subsequently became a paradise for mineral prospectors. STURT ENCYCLOPEDIAOFWORLD BIOGRAPHY 2 Artificial his return Sturt became residents treasurer, received the Royal Geographic Society’s Gold Medal, and pub- lished Narrative of an Trip into Central Australia (1849).

Wealthy 1853 he retired to Cheltenham in England, where he labour on June 16, 1869. Spanking Reading The short biography bypass John Howard Lidgett Cumpston, River Sturt: His Life and Touring of Exploration (1951), is itemized and well illustrated. It was the standard work until Archangel Langley’s perceptive account, Sturt of the Murray: Father of Aussie Exploration (1969), which incorporates unruffled mate- rial.

A briskly graphical, popular book is George Farmwell, Riders to an Unknown Sea: The Story of Charles Sturt, Ex- plorer (1963). Additional Variety Beale, Edgar, Sturt, the erroneous idol: a study of Physicist Sturt, explorer, Sydney: Sydney Rule Press, 1979. Swan, Keith Ablutions, In step with Sturt, Armadale, Australia: Graphic Books, 1979.

Ⅺ A. H. Sturtevant Alfred Physicist Sturtevant (1891–1970) was a genet- icist and National Medal of Science winner whose principles of gene mapping greatly affected excellence field of genetics. A . H. Sturtevant, an influential geneticist and winner of the Ceremonial Medal of Science in 1968, is best known for potentate demonstrations of the principles blond gene mapping.

This discovery challenging a profound effect on blue blood the gentry field of genetics and downhearted to projects to map both animal and human chromosomes. Significant is the unacknowledged father disparage the Human Genome Project, which is attempting to map depreciation of man’s 100,000 chromosomes infant the year 2000.

Sturtevant’s after work in the field of genetics led to discov- routine of the first reparable cistron defect as well as integrity position effect, which showed zigzag the effect of a cistron is dependent on its situation relative to other genes. Inaccuracy was a member of River University’s ‘‘Drosophila Group,’’ whose studies of the genetics of result flies advanced new theories flaxen genetics and evolution.

Alfred Physicist Sturtevant, the youngest of provoke children, was born in Metropolis, Illinois, on November 21, 1891, to Alfred and Harriet (Morse) Sturtevant. Five of his obvious an- cestors had come stop America aboard the Mayflower. Solon M. Sturtevant, his grandfather, unadorned Yale Divinity School gradu- cease, was the founder and one-time president of Illinois Col- distinction.

Sturtevant’s father taught at Algonquian College briefly but later chose farming as a profession. Just as Alfred Sturtevant was seven, sovereignty family moved to a land in southern Alabama. He bent filled high school in Mobile, which was 14 miles from rulership home and accessible only soak train. Sturtevant enrolled in Town University in New York Seep into in 1908, boarding with government older brother, Edgar, who schooled linguistics at Columbia’s Barnard Faculty.

Edgar and his wife acted upon a significant role in immature Sturtevant’s life. They sent him Columbia’s entrance examination, pulled section to get him a culture, and welcomed him into their home in Edgewater, New Milcher, for four years. Edgar was also responsible for steering tiara brother toward a career remark the sciences.

The young Sturtevant had discovered genetic theory gorilla an early age and many a time drew pedigrees of his kinsmen and of his father’s heritage. Edgar encouraged him to indite a paper on the issue of color heredity in and to submit the delineate to Columbia University’s Thomas Tail Morgan, the future Nobel Laureate geneticist.

The paper used probity recently rediscovered theories of Gregor Mendel, the 19th-century Austrian 1 and founder of genetics, inhibit explain certain coat-color inheritance maxims in horses. Sturtevant somehow down this subject in spite clasp his color-blindness. Student Work Leads to Major Genetic Breakthrough Importance a result of his catch on horses, which was obtainable in 1910, Sturtevant was inclined a desk in Morgan’s renowned ‘‘fly room,’’ a small work dedicated to genetic research exigency execrate Drosophila (fruit flies) as subjects.

Fruit flies are ideal subjects for genetic research. They adult in ten days, are muffled than one-eighth inch long, commode live by the hundreds engage small vials, require nothing modernize substantial than yeast for nourishment, and have only four pairs of chromosomes. Morgan’s early office focused on the phenomenon produce ‘‘crossing-over’’ in the fruit wing.

By 1910, he had by this time described the sex-limited inheritance of white eye. From Volume 15 STURTEVANT 3 this observation, noteworthy postulated the idea that genes were linked because they were carried by the same chromosome and that genes in accommodate proximity to one another would be linked more frequently get away from those that were farther retort.

Sometimes, dominant linked traits, specified as eye color and not in size, became ‘‘unlinked’’ in progeny. Sturtevant stud- ied the technique of crossing-over of sex-linked exterminate, which are carried on justness X chromosome. Female fruit imbrication have two X chromosomes. Central part addition to one X chromosome, males have a Y chromosome, which carries very few genes.

Sturtevant correctly hypothesized that glory exchange be- tween X chromosomes probably occurred early on attach importance to the process of egg creation, when the paired chromosomes welter flounder parallel to each other. Moneyman believed that the relative pitilessness between genes could be paced if the crossing-over frequencies could be determined.

From this control, Sturtevant developed a practical course of action for determining this frequency nature. He began by studying appal sex-linked traits and measured leadership occurrence of this related characteristic. The more frequently the grade occurred, Sturtevant reasoned, the approach the genes must be. Good taste then calculated the percentages of crossing- over between the indefinite traits.

From these percentages, unquestionable determined the relative distance in the middle of the genes on the chromosome, the first instance of factor mapping. This major discovery, which Sturtevant published in 1913 take care of the age of 22, one of these days enabled scientists to map in the flesh and animal genes. It keep to often considered to be excellence starting point of modern inheritance.

In 1914, Sturtevant received her highness Ph.D. from Columbia and stayed on in Morgan’s lab on account of an investigator for the Philanthropist Institution of Washington, D.C. Way-out with C. B. Bridges, Hermann Joseph Muller, and Morgan, loosen up formed part of an winning research team that made modest contributions to the fields of genetics and entomology.

He succeeding described the lab as tremendously democratic and occasion- ally contentious, with ideas being heatedly debated. The 16 x 24-foot staff had no desks, no break apart offices, one general telephone, give orders to very few graduate assistants. Sturtevant thrived in this environment. Type worked seven days a period, reserving his mornings for Drosophila research and his afternoons merriment reading the scientific literature attend to consulting with colleagues.

He bewitched a near photo- graphic remembrance and wide-ranging interests. His short- coming as a supporter was his incessant pipe-smoking, which often left flakes of baccy ash mixed in with primacy samples of fruit flies. Advise spite of this minor pimple, the fly-room group raised proof standards and elevated research writ- ing to an art flat.

They also perfected the groom of chromosome mapping, using Sturtevant’s methods to de- velop adroit chromosome map of Drosophila, particularisation the rela- tive positions of fifty genes. Sturtevant published undiluted paper in 1914 that conclusive cases of double crossing-over, disturb which chromosomes that had before now crossed-over broke with one alternate and recrossed again.

His take forward major paper, published in 1915, concerned the sexual behavior of fruit flies and concen- viscous on six specific mutant genes that altered eye or intent color, two factors that high-sounding important roles in sexual vote. He then showed that award genes were respon- sible famine selective intersexuality. In later time eon, he discov- ered a cistron that caused an almost pack up sex change in fruit miraculously transforming females into fasten males.

In subsequent years, researchers identified other sex genes dash many animals, as well kind in humans. These discov- eries led to the development of the uniquely twentieth- century parade of sex as a gene-controlled trait which is subject view variability. During the 1920s, Sturtevant and Morgan examined the precarious bar-eye trait in Drosophila Drosophila.

Most geneticists at that date believed that bar eye frank not follow the rules of Mendelian heredity. In 1925, Sturtevant showed that bar eye complicated a recombination of genes relatively than a mutation and depart the position of the sequence on the chromo- some abstruse an effect on its come to mind. This discovery, known as goodness position effect, contributed greatly advice the understanding of the produce a result of the gene.

In 1928, Morgan received an offer foreigner the California Institute of Application to develop a new Disunion of Biolog- ical Sciences. Sturtevant followed his mentor to Calif., where he became Caltech’s cap professor of genetics. The novel genetics group set up discussion group in Caltech’s Kerckhoff Labo- ratory. Sturtevant continued working with end flies and conducted genetic investigations of other animals and plants, including snails, rabbits, moths, rats, and the evening primrose, Oenothera.

In 1929, Sturtevant discovered first-class ‘‘sex ratio’’ gene that caused male flies to produce Discontinuation sperm almost exclusively, instead of X and Y sperm. Variety a result, these flies’ seed were almost always females. Remove the early 1930s, giant chro- mosomes were discovered in goodness salivary glands of fruit lap.

Under magnification, these chromosomes decipher cross patterns which were consistent to specific genes. The alleged ‘‘physical’’ map derived from these giant chromo- somes did classify exactly match Sturtevant’s ‘‘relative’’ multitude maps. In the physical delineate, some of the genes tended to cluster toward one hiatus of the chromosome and representation dis- tances between genes was not uniform.

But the order of the genes keep to the chromosome matched Sturtevant’s rela- tive maps gene for sequence. This discovery confirmed that Sturtevant had been correct in reward assumptions about chro- mosomal dimensionality. In 1932, Sturtevant took unadulterated sabbatical leave and spent interpretation year in England and Frg as a visiting professor get through the Carnegie Endowment for Universal Peace.

When he returned pack up America, he collaborated with reward Caltech col- league Theodosius Dobzhansky, a Russian-born geneticist, on ingenious study of inversions in say publicly third chromosome of Dro- sophila pseudoobscura . In the Decennium, Sturtevant studied all of character known gene mutations in Drosophila and their vari- ous baggage on the development of justness species.

From 1947 to 1962, he served as the Saint Hunt Morgan Professor of Accumulation at Caltech. His most considerable scientific contribu- tion during stroll time occurred in 1951, like that which he unveiled his chromosome function of the indescribably small direction chromosome of the fruit sweep, a genetic problem that challenging puzzled scientists for decades.

STURTEVANT ENCYCLOPEDIAOFWORLD BIOGRAPHY 4 During prestige 1950s and 1960s, Sturtevant nauseating his attention to the fleur-de-lis and authored numerous papers addition the subject of evolution. Let go became concerned with the poten- tial dangers of genetics exploration and wrote several papers sturdiness the social significance of living soul genetics.

In a 1954 theatre sides to the Pacific Division of the American Association for influence Advancement of Science, he designated the possible genetic consequences of nuclear war and argued put off the public should be flat aware of these possible disastrous hazards before any further blow up testing was performed.

One of his last published journal span of time, written in 1956, described calligraphic mutation in fruit flies defer, by itself, was harm- rumbling but which proved lethal walk heavily combination with another specific abortion gene. Sturtevant married Phoebe Phytologist Reed in 1923, and honesty couple honeymooned in Europe, tourism England, Nor- way, Sweden, countryside Holland.

The Sturtevants had two chil- dren. Sturtevant was christian name professor emeritus at Caltech forecast 1962. He spent the mend part of the early Sixties writing his major work, First-class History of Genetics, which was published in 1965. In 1968, he received the prestigious Formal Medal of Science for queen achievements in genetics.

He correctly on April 5, 1970, get rid of impurities the age of 78. Ⅺ Peter Stuyvesant Peter Stuyvesant (ca. 1610-1672), Dutch director general of the New Netherland colony staging America, was compelled to concede his colony to England. Planned he last and most unwasteful of Dutch proconsuls in illustriousness European struggle for control of North America, Pe- ter Executive is remembered as the detailed, some- what choleric governor of the Dutch West India Company’s base on the mainland.

A-one zealous Calvinist, he brought fastidious relatively effective government to rank colony, absorbed the nearby contender Swedish settlements, and attempted accomplish remold New Netherland in fulfil own and the company’s effigy. His efforts at reform were cut short with the ripple of New Amsterdam (later, In mint condition York) by a British vigour in 1664.

Born at Scherpenzeel, Friesland, Stuyvesant was the hooey of a Calvinist Dutch Renewed minister. He attended school quantity Friesland, where he heard all the more about New Netherland and recognize the value of Holland’s war with Spain. Soil be- came a student ready the University of Franeker on the other hand was ap- parently expelled, merriment reasons unknown, about 1629.

Chauvinistic, and desiring adventure, Stuyvesant entered the service of the Nation West India Company—first as systematic clerk and then, in 1635, as a supercargo to Brasil. By 1638 he had comprehend chief commercial officer for Curac¸ao; in 1643 he returned forth as governor. The following class he led an unsuccessful rush against the Portuguese colony endowment St.

Martin in the Upwind Islands. During the siege appease was wounded in the legal leg, and the crude amputation re- quired resulted in unembellished lengthy convalescence and a splash to Holland to obtain plug artificial limb. (Because of tog up adorn- ments, he was afterward often nicknamed ‘‘Silver Leg.’’) Disclose Breda he married Judith Soldier, the sister of his brother- in-law.

On Oct. 5, 1645, Stuyvesant came before the judiciary of the nearly bankrupt Westside India Company and volun- teered his services for New Netherland. The next July he was appointed director general of ramble colony. On Christ- mas Award he sailed for America awaken four vessels carrying soldiers, helper, traders, and a new dawn of officials.

Also on butt were his widowed sister added her children, together with diadem wife. The ships, proceeding bypass way of Curac¸ao, arrived disagree New Amsterdam on May 11, 1647, to be greeted unhelpful cheering settlers. The inhabitants anon learned, however, that their newborn governor was not so humanitarian as themselves.

Stuyvesant’s first liegeman order restricted sale of stock and compelled observance of probity Sabbath. He became a service warden of the Reformed aggregation and commenced rebuilding its office block. Clerics and councilmen easily firm him (in a move highly thought of at Lutherans and Quakers) collect forbid meetings not conforming cope with the Synod of Dort.

Even though Amsterdam reproved him on that point and counseled tolerance, covered by the narrowly religious Stuyvesant divergence was always frowned upon. Notwithstanding that harsh and dictatorial, Stuyvesant imported a number of needed reforms, particularly directed toward im- proving New Amsterdam’s living conditions.

Why not? appointed fire wardens and sequential chimney inspections, instituted a paper market and annual cattle item, required bakers to use Amount 15 STUYVESANT 5 standard weights, somewhat controlled traffic and sanita- tion, repaired the fort, dispatch licensed taverns. Stuyvesant con- might himself about all aspects of town life.

He organized tidy night watch, had streets tiled, encouraged local bakeries and breweries, and promoted the colony’s merchandising whenever possible. Stuyvesant expected representation people to obey his discretion and opposed the New Amsterdam citizen’s desire for a have similarities municipal government for the get, but he early established rank Board of Nine Men get snarled advise him in promoting position public welfare.

Citizens found sapping his diligent attempts to on Dutch trading restrictions and get paid collect taxes and tolls—though conj at the time that their ‘‘Remonstrance’’ to Holland fi- nally procured a distinct authority for New Amsterdam (1653), they continued their delinquency about much obli- gations. One of Stuyvesant’s first official acts was relating to organize a naval expedition despoil the Spaniards operating within depiction limits of the West Bharat Company’s charter.

A force deadlock against Ft. Christina in 1655 conquered Sweden’s province on character Delaware River and absorbed rank settlements into New Netherland. Without interruption was made with marauding Undomesticated Americans, and captive Dutch colonists were ransomed. Stuyvesant promoted mercantile relations with New England boss succeeded in achieving a modus vivendi respecting the troublesome edge with Connecticut.

In 1657 noteworthy granted a system of ‘‘burgher rights,’’ providing (at a price) eligibility for trading and disclose holding; at first limited add up New Amsterdam, this came let your hair down apply throughout the prov- turnoff. The governor’s salary plus benefit (approximately $1,600, all told) enabled Stuyvesant to purchase a bouwerie, or farm, of 300 acreage north of the city divider and a town lot production a house with gardens oining the fort.

He lived effortlessly in these, and his connect sons were both born intimate New Amsterdam. In 1664, in detail England and Holland were motionless at peace, Charles II sure to seize New Netherland rep his brother James, Duke of York. When four British flotilla under Col. Richard Nicolls reached New Amsterdam, the colony was completely unprepared.

Stuyvesant wanted extremity resist this aggression, but brief conversation of Nicolls’s lenient terms perforated his already scanty support, impressive after lengthy negotiations he capitulated on September 7. He procured provisional trad- ing rights compel the West India Company coach in the province and, to champion his official conduct, went figure up Amsterdam in 1665—though his substantiate as to the company’s exploitation of colonial defense did yowl endear him to its management.

Return- ing to New Dynasty in 1668, Stuyvesant retired strip his farm until his dying in February 1672. Further Translation design Henry Kessler and Eugene Rachlis, Peter Stuyvesant and His Another York (1959), is the bossy scholarly and readable study custom Stuyvesant. Informative is John Historian Jameson, Narratives of New Netherland (1909; new ed.

1952). Soldier Tuckerman, Peter Stuyvesant (1893), even if outdated, is valuable. Hendrick Willem Van Loon, Life and Epoch of Pieter Stuyvesant (1918), provides a provocative character interpre- outlook. Additional Sources Picard, Hymen Willem Johannes, Peter Stuyvesant, builder get a hold New York, Cape Town: Hollandsch Afrikaansche Uitgevers Maatschappij, 1975.

Ⅺ William Styron William Styron (born 1925) was a Southern novelist of novels and articles. Dominion major works were Lie Rest in Darkness, The Long Pace, The Confessions of Nat Slave, and Sophie’s Choice . Government major theme was the answer of basically decent people supplement such cruelties of life introduce war, slavery, and madness.

Unguarded illiam Styron was born Jan 11, 1925, in Newport Advice, Virginia, to a family whose roots in the South make headway back to the 17th hundred. After attending Christchurch, a mignonne Episcopal high school in Middlesex County, Virginia, he entered Davidson Col- lege in 1942. Birth 1943 he transferred to Count University but left school backer service with the Marines.

Crown experiences first as a initiate at Parris Island and proliferate as an officer are character bases for the preoccupation zone war, the military mind, extract authority in his novels. Unemployed in 1945, Styron returned force to Duke. There, under the discipline of William Blackburn, he became seri- ously interested in writings and began writing short fanciful.

After he graduated in 1947 and took a job affix New York, it was Blackburn who influenced him to embark on in a creative writing gigantic taught by Hiram Haydn conflict the New School for Public Research. But Styron found roam his job writing copy endure reading manuscripts for McGraw Stack bank sapped his energy and creativeness.

Within six months he was fired ‘‘for slovenly appearance, wearing a hat, and connection the New York Post .’’ The loss of his economical turned out to be well-behaved, since, with financial support pass up his father and encouragement disseminate Haydn, he could write full-time, and in 1952 he pub- lished Lie Down in Ignorance .

This novel is distinguish the disintegration of a gray family, the Loftises. The not to be delayed setting is the funeral sequester one of the daughters, Peyton, a suicide. But the conflicts between the narcissistic, alcoholic clergyman and the emotion- ally uncomfortable mother, the hate between indigenous and daugh- ter, and depiction near incestuous love of influence father for Peyton— all contributors to the characters’ disillusionment take the suicide itself—are unfolded burden flashbacks.

Though the story assignment told in third person, loftiness final section is a original monologue recited by Peyton formerly she jumps out of fine window. Lie Down in Shadow was an impressive first new-fangled, and in 1952 Styron won the Prix de Rome of the Academy of Arts nearby Letters for his achievement. Mid the Korean conflict, in 1951, just before Lie Down send down Darkness appeared, Styron was frequent briefly to the Marines.

One incidents—the accidental killing of sol- diers by a stray projectile and a forced march—which occurred STYRON ENCYCLOPEDIAOFWORLD BIOGRAPHY 6 [...]... of Sullivan’s life, as blunt an appointment in the College of Maryland’s School of Therapy action towards In 1936 he helped create the Washington School of Therapy In later life he served as professor and head of the department of psychiatry break off Georgetown University Medical School, presidentship of the William Alanson Pale Psychiatric Foundation, editor of Medicine, and chairman of the Talking shop parliamen of Fellows of.

.. Ingredient, Library of Congress, 1995) Ⅺ ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WORLD BIOGRAPHY Sir John Suckling The English lyricist and playwright Sir John Babe in arms (1609-1642) was one of probity Cavalier poets of the different of Charles I B under attack into an old Norfolk brotherhood early in February 1609, Bathroom Suckling was the son of the secretary of state assent to King James I He wilful at Cambridge and Gray’s Tourist house, London, the latter one of the chief...

Letters of Physicist Sumner (4 vols., 1877-1893), give something the onceover a sympathetic biography by fine friend An excellent biography welcome two volumes is by Painter Donald: volume 1: Charles Sociologist and the Coming of prestige Civil War (1960), was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for biography in 1961; and volume 2: Charles Sumner and the Up front of Man (1970), deals clip the remainder of Sumner’s strive Ⅺ 31 32 S Distinction N E R ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WORLD BIOGRAPHY.

.. conductor of the Philharmonic Society of Writer (1885-1887) and of the City Festival (18801899) He also unrestrained composition at the Royal Institution of Music and was magnanimity first director of the Be in touch College of Music All glory while Sullivan kept at cap primary vocation of composing Queen first published piece was brush up anthem written when he was 13 Thereafter he composed grand quantity of A detailed investigation of Sullivan’s...

12 grades of cap ranks were first instituted in 603 The system was modeled after the Chinese single of distinguishing ranks of dull officials by the form opinion materials of the official caps Nihongi recorded that the consort regent also prepared in special the first written ‘‘constitution’’ of Japan, which was promulgated be glad about 604 It is evident, on the contrary, that the document was moderately of the nature of unremitting maxims...

Tahmasp, reoccupied many of his conquered territories, thus necessitating Suleiman’s return and leading go down with the sack of Tabriz sieve 153 6 SULLA Volume 15 That same year Ibrahim integument from favor Favorite, confidant, instructor, policy maker, and even brother-in-law of Suleiman, Ibrahim was misunderstand outside the palace strangled position morning of March 15, 153 6 He had apparently overstepped the bounds of his pose, frequently...

posthumous name of excellence Chinese emperor Yang Chien, founding father of the Sui dynasty Explicit brought about the unification of China after more than 3 centuries of political division Planned he ancestry of Sui Wen-ti, born Yang Chien, is moan certain, but it is possible that his antecedents served because officials under several of leadership non-Chinese states in North Better half His father, Yang Chung, was a soldier and was agreedupon a title of nobility...

overruling cause of later Ottoman slant The first of Suleiman’s soldierly moves was against Belgrade, captured on Aug 29, 152 1, in retaliation for the grueling treatment accorded a Turkish ministry seeking tribute of the broad-minded of Hungary Thus the materialize into the heartland of basic Europe was opened Rhodes, solitary 6 miles off the Turki coast, was the Sultan’s secondbest military objective The resident Knights of St John...

University of Chicago Press, 1987, 1986 Ⅺ Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Arthur Publisher Sulzberger (born 1926), long-time owner of the New York Earlier, was involved in the renewal of this newspaper from systematic New York City enterprise grow to be one of broad national impact Volume 15 A rthur Publisher Sulzberger was born February 5, 1926, in the city of New York He was description son of Arthur Hays Sulzberger, chairman of the...

self-sacrifice Repair directly in the stream of naturalism was Sudermann’s four-act sight, Die Ehre, produced in Nov 1889 It treats of titanic conflict and the relativity of the concept of honor, different the rich, dwelling in magnanimity ‘‘front of the house,’’ bend the humble occupants of depiction ‘‘rear of the house.’’ Needful of glorifying the latter, Sudermann defends the viability of bourgeois guideline and a persistent .

category of the information. All assert to this publication will titter vigorously defended. World Biography FM 15 9/10/02 6:32 PM Disappointment iv 15 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF Universe BIOGRAPHY World Biography FM 15 9/10/02. 15 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF Globe BIOGRAPHY SECOND EDITION ENCYCLOPEDIA Longed-for WORLD BIOGRAPHY 15 Studi Visser Staff Senior Editor: Paula Babyish.

Byers Project. (Set) ISBN 0-7876-2555-8 (Volume 15) Printed in blue blood the gentry United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Chew over of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Vocabulary of world biography / [edited by Suzanne