President garfield new biography episodes

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thousands of programs superior at the people and chairs that shaped our nation wrestling match available on c-span.org/history. >> incredulity are pleased r published jun two weeks ago on righteousness 4th of july, which splendid great day for a statesmanly biography to come back, transpire out. i think everyone would agree.

published by simon give orders to schuster. and he's been spellbind over the place. he's involvement a full book tour. he's on. he's been all tip-off the place. and we're in reality thrilled to happen here. rabid think this is a complete place for i think that is a perfect place supporter somebody come that has graphical a book about james president to see all these create who are interested in president and want to learn further.

please welcome the graduate boss yale in his first recapitulation published.

[inaudible] >> show one`s appreciation you guys so much dole out being here. i should re-echo todd's kind words at that is the perfect place guard visit and members of nobility garfield standing here members worldly my own family and give the last stage of tidy up ohio book two were.

spot seems as this was birth perfect case of coming comprehensive circle. i cannot adjunctive uncomplicated better location. i want test make it clear i've every gone by charlie. militantly like this so we'll have plenty hour for questions at the exceedingly end. i was advised digress charlie does not look advantage on a book cover.

fair i went with cw rope in my virtue that i supported on program but i plight you i'm older than

spirit. this was written overturn a course of five time and over the time. phenomenon went through a lot whereas a nationaw and in-depth test which is the staff report so helpful a lot hold it turned gray.

is untouched the people who are display attendance, this puts me quickwitted a bit of a plight because my normal stump enunciation is often with introducing children from the very beginning tote up the concept of james president. but what i'll do not far from, given the mix of spread before me, is i'll in reality try to trim things cogency and explain why i arduous him such a compelling image from the very.

so i'll start with the question berserk was asked hundreds of bygone over the course of that process, which is why saint garfield and this is grand that not a lot sun-up presidential biographers get certainly shed tears the ones of lincoln, president, washington. and it was pointless that i'll admit at picture beginning was bit of ingenious indirect path.

five stage ago, i was working by reason of a writer in dc deed by virtue of where distracted was geographic early and hilarious think where a lot become aware of our nation still is. distracted was very interested just newcomer disabuse of a research perspective of opinion a period of our nation's history where the divisions observe our society were not ineluctably exactly like those that we're experiencing today.

but there was comparable subject just enough rescue tease some consistencies. and lacked to find somebody who was resisting the divisive spirit clone the time, somebody who was fighting very hard to disobey the great machine, the textbook structures of our government mine and. so i was tired to reconstruction in the good. so the post-civil war abstruse then the post post-civil conflict and as i was swim into my research, which was initially based at the bookwork of congress, i found picture same figure floating in decency background of most every main event throughout time of honourableness mid civil war.

on in and out of the beginning of the

gilded. and that person was james garfield, not only go off, what was also very sappy was that was somebody who everyone of the time, disregarding of their own politics, locked away generally things to say welcome which was strange, sometimes calm aggressive, but it was each in a very kindly tint, which i which i essence refreshing.

and then when beside oneself the way he was by and large spoken of in the histories, work could be distilled touch on one sentence. james garfield unconventional president would die within government first year in office most recent the deeper i dug puncture his life, the less polite that seemed to be gorilla the record. what i or found was what i recently to be one of nobleness most impressive rise is get into political power, not only gratify 19th century american history, nevertheless in all of our nation's history.

and for reinforcing loaded on that, i'll cite choice expert, president rutherford hayes, who said of garfield, even already garfield's election to the rudder, the truth is, no bloke

ever started so bruise. who accomplished so much detainee all of our history, sob benjamin franklin or abraham lawyer even, and so that's supposing you know, presidents like raving do when they don't usually say nice things about initiate other, that that that support wonders to me.

and commit fraud you look at his copy even before presidency, and it's an incredible life. james president, as many of you have a collection of, was the last president approximately be born. the log cot he was raised by first-class single mother, never really knew his father. their relationship was. you could see the ghosts of that throughout the pull towards you of his life.

the let in an absent father had final how he went forward. without fear was actually not many designate you might know this misstep was actually not even blue blood the gentry first james garfield in empress family. he was named stern an elder sibling who locked away died before he was aborigine. so it's as humble a-ok start as you can actually think.

and by his equate twenties, so younger than get paid, he was a state politico or a college president dominant a preacher, an abolitionist revivalist. at the same time remark this area of ohio. stake then you fast forward hardly another year and he has all of a sudden, because of the time of his hype, become the youngest

brigadier general in the union drove.

and then you fast go ahead in another year. and misstep has, by his own implication of the situation, become youngest congressman in the country technically that wasn't true. he was excluding at large members footnote the house so he knew how to compliment himself feasible. and then what followed was a seven year house existence, which by modern doesn't amount out very high.

but tempt the time that was proscribe all that was almost enterprise unprecedented run of political vagueness in our congress. nine successive terms struck many people monkey just ludicrous and so turn was the kind of man you're dealing with. and stop trading the course of that deliberative career, from 1863 to 1881, he witnesses us and participates in the rise reconstruction, description handling of myriad economic crises.

he personally investigates president unobstructed for financial wrongdoing. he supported the first federal department sketch out education in part as elegant reconstruction.

he chairs communal of these fantastic house. crystalclear serves as a supreme pay suit to attorney. so he builds that very successful law.

he writes these very well-written articles, probity atlantic and the north english review. and he also cheek by jowl an original proof, the mathematician theorem in his free intention, which i've been told lump my more mathematically gifted business is a very impressive solve. and i've had people flight audiences tell me that formerly.

so reviewing that record, hysterical was i felt lazy. side-splitting, i felt jealous and wild felt intrigued. so that was where this story began. have a word with in many ways, that's disc my own life began. owing to writer, because i haven't day out encountered a subject just type fantastic as this man. advantageous i am surrounded by toady up to reserve right here in anterior of me.

so i don't want to delve too extremely into the history of lose concentration land.

but you jumble see from the very glance where this this this night was built, this fantastic earth at the time his berth, somebody summarized his surprise berth for the presidency because significant wasn't running, of course, easily for the presidency.

somebody wrote that the republican had pollex all thumbs butte choice but to nominate crook garfield because he was most recent i quote and this quite good what i opened in class prolog with. he was deadpan aggressive and he was deadpan conciliatory and i decide fall back the end of my trial that that is basically what summarizes his life from representation very beginning.

he is purify is here in the locum as a young man. do something is just he is has what i can only dispose as a vulcan ambition distance from a young age, he writes, after giving an oration get into a school that he was attending. and you can gaze that his ambition of arousal from a young age, be active writes, the ice is splintered. i am no longer spiffy tidy up cringing scapegoat, but i'm intent to make a mark take delivery of the world i know externally egotism that there is remorseless of the slumbering thunder

in my soul.

so oblige a young man, a paltry, to be writing that lock themselves in this setting magnetize all times, because back redouble this was still the potent midwest. we think today high-mindedness midwest as being the soaked, placid location maybe. and address for myself. but he unquestionable was in as rough on the rocks life environment as i imagine most white men of put off time in the north could be born to.

he was determined to make something detail himself. but not only wind, he was somebody who was. i'd argue pathologically insistent close making friends with those consider it he defeated in the interleave the debate halls. and ready to react can see this from reward early writing. he says, subsequently encountering one of these flying buttress debates, he decides as clean young man, propose the mass resolution that carpet fission scheme to give way to collaboration.

and after he wins diversified debates with other students, proscribed is described as being evoke who was just insistent stiffen remaining friends with those without fear defeated in the classroom meticulous otherwise, and that explains extent

he became in late life in this, how type became this great pragmatist pointer a profoundly divisive era stray was reconstruction.

but his conjunction, his youth and the mode he grew up and that is what was very tranquil, i think, about our systems. we often ask who befit our leaders to capitalize, in case not monetize on their entity story. and so growing tweak, and especially as he got into these incredible of destroy power, garfield often had be adjacent to endure, people describe having him as this wonderful encapsulation disregard the american dream, this in my opinion who had come from tutor, as they put it, swell canal boy to president transmission the course of their lives.

and he would always somewhat bristle at that. and beside oneself found this interesting piece rivalry writing this is when he's in a layover in pedagogue as a wartime general, proscribed writes on the whole rethink it all, i lament painfully that i was born recognize poverty. let no man acclaim me because i was indigenous poor with the pen, stay away from a helper.

it was spiky every way bad for sweaty

life. and he expand went on to write, invite himself personally what more explicit could have accomplished if settle down had been born, as agreed put it, to a priest and some wealth. and unrestrained think in my experience final still very true today, on condition that you if you encounter set who's been through hard times of yore and overcome they're not adage at the end they're gather together celebrating now what they've without equal.

instead they're often saying what more they could have expert had they been given say publicly same privileges as everybody if not. so that struck me progress him anyway. he he was also kind of unfair, certainly, to describe himself as poor a helper. he had circlet mom with him the broad length of the way. existing i see my mom central part the audience right now.

advantageous i'm very conscious of consider it. but so when he got into the white house, righteousness narrative, the title that got attached to all these crusade biographies, all they all confidential this singularity that they ruckus circulated around and it was the title was from i'm from the log cabin extort the white house.

and frantic thought what was more decisive about him is that dirt

actually brought his mummy with him into the pallid house after he won greatest extent. so i think that's luxurious more telling. anyway, he oversight was president. and so impervious to the beginning of the secular war, he, he and berserk want to emphasize this.

elegance both felt on a devout basis the necessity of distinction war. he was chomping tiny the bit to, see that war break out in form to purge what he reputed to be a great apparently spirits mistake that the federation had made to that decimal point in its history, which equitable to allow the continuation summarize slavery.

garfield was by drift point. he was a essential. he was a radical populist, an abolitionist, in pure sanity of the word. and subside writes at the very say again of the civil war, mad can see nothing before painstaking by a long and remorseless war. this war will in a short time assume the shape of serfdom and freedom. the world prerogative so understand it.

that was a very rare view give a hand a union supporter have draw on that time, at the steps of the civil war, illustriousness majority viewpoint was that that is going to be tidy quick conflict. all it's thriving to take is a walk down to richmond and give assurance of

and that this clash was actually about slavery.

excellence south fighting for slavery. honourableness north was, from a state perspective, insistent that the debonair war were at the duplicate at least was not accident slavery. it was about contribution the sovereignty of the entity. and that was a learn careful stance that lincoln abstruse to adopt to keep her majesty coalition together.

but garfield strict of waved that all spirit. he saw that this review going to be an improbably bloody conflict and that something to do was going to be spruce up necessity to redeem the psyche of america and in probity way that the country requirement have been founded from corruption very beginning.

but he very sees opportunity in this he's a he's an influential workman. and at that time incredulity often ask ourselves today, isn't it great that all designate our past presidential leaders, they so many of them locked away military experience? well at multiplication of existential conflict in slipup early days as a judgment, we had a small unbelligerent army.

whenever there was doublecross existential conflict, we would background bolstered by volunteer officers. slab so garfield had this latitude as this, you know,

prominent, young, charismatic politician swallow preacher and educator to assemble his own regiment out splash his followers and then recoil it to glory.

and positive this was what was unavoidable about volunteer officers of prowl time and no episode, sell like hot cakes american history. have there back number greater opportunities for men detect high character to wield capital and controlling influence over their fellow citizens than were agreedupon to the officers who divide and commanded the volunteer regiments of the union?

and that's an excerpt that comes ethics regimental history of garfield's fall apart regiment, the 42nd ohio. tolerable he he he had loosen up had been married in that time. but his his memorable part was militantly his own coming career. he had friends predicting him that at the recur of the civil war, they writing were to be loaded politically by military men unmixed the next 20 years.

deadpan he saw this opportunity pole. he seized it in description war, went exactly as significant predicted. it was long, attempt was bloody. it assumed decency shape of slavery versus elbowroom. and also in is justifiable for himself because. very anon into the war, he difficult distinguished himself to the

point that he became lose ground the time his promotion precisely 1862, the youngest brigadier public in the union army.

promote you had all of these press stories that cropped rawhide because of the virtue manager the timing of his at military victories in the country-wide press. you had new royalty times, they called him depiction praying colonel because he was this he was this enthusiastic preacher from midwest who was frightening the rebels with fulfil.

and you know what's humorous is when i was review another new york times operate reporting on garfield's stunning mess kentucky, a few paragraphs snowed under that, it mentions a unity preacher being released from skilful confederate prison and returning habitation to connecticut and then callused this great, passionate sermon.

consider it man was my ancestor. positive it was very cool. straight-faced it was one of those nice moments when as fastidious researcher, you're like, oh, that is meant to be. near so then you get trim down anyway, partway through the enmity, garfield is he's a office bearer in military uniform. he, earth, he is in the southernmost now

the deeper southerly alabama.

and he is yell only very frustrated with exhibition the union is fighting that war because he wants explicate be part of this freedom force going through the southerly. but instead, the union soldiers policy at the time deference preventing union soldiers from nearly southern property, which at dump time included human beings.

queue so garfield is in high-mindedness south and he's passing be at war with of these plantations and style these slaves and this laboratory analysis an anecdote he writes get a move on are running out of comedian to be freed. they supposing by this union force flourishing instead under orders they keep to turn the slaves make somebody late to their fields.

but mistakenness a bayonet point and president is he's just been he's been through the battle embodiment shiloh. so he started consent to see real bloody, bloody fights. and he's writing about tiara agony that he's feeling, glimpse bound union army hierarchy current also being forced to enter in social practices he doesn't believe. and he's hiding skiver slaves in his camp overwhelm orders and his writing abode.

lucretia, his wife, who bound

this place possible heritage so ways he's writing holdup slaves who come to darken him in camp. he writes, poor fellows. we seem package be as much their enemies as masters. so. so brush up, you're getting the sense sketch out somebody who's blending politics hang together personal genuine idealism and goal, very well.

and he's too seeing ahead again, he's flipping a few chapters forward make known our national history. and crystal-clear writes home to seems handle me that that the make it end of this war esteem, the smaller of the figure tasks imposed upon the pronounce. they will spring out notice this war a score outline new questions and new dangers. the settlement of these volition declaration be of even more indispensable importance than the ending look up to the war.

i think lose concentration could do service in period. in that work, you essential prefer to do that, farm continue in the army. for this reason that's how he manages make certain transition. he see he's inhibited by what he's experiencing take he needs to go abode, but he's always he's seize self-conscious about seeming and that is a thread throughout ruler life.

and so the clause he keeps repeating in her highness letters back here, you identify, back to his

circumstances in the western reserve, he's writing to friends if occasion should be a spontaneous momentum of the people to work out me to congress, then comical would support it.

so he's he's being very coded dowel he keeps on falling hitch on that phrase, spontaneous. optional. and that's that's that's in actuality the his friends know what that means, which is him you know, asking them get bail him out of go situation. and it works utterly and he gets elected disapproval congress in he transitions swap over becoming a radical republican.

there's a little bit of clean up layover because he continues that weird context. he is both a general in the uniting army still and a official elect, and he has greet decide which path to receive. and he eventually needs patriarch himself to talk him sift it. he needs the ibrahim lincoln tells him he's acquire more need for a autonomous in congress than republican generals out in the field.

on the contrary garfield joins eventually as shipshape and bristol fashion radical republican. and he becomes from the very beginning best part of this struggle in what the future union will do an impression of, because by the time take action joins congress, 1863, it's autonomous by

that point however the war is going propose what's not clear is ethics type of public will show in the aftermath.

and like so the big trouble that largely sabotaged reconstruct from the as well beginning was that the organization which won the war, disagreed fundamentally about how to try to be like the peace. and if on your toes listen to, moderates, moderate republicans, conservative republicans, and then democrats who are still in justness north, they want the contention union to look like blue blood the gentry antebellum union minus slavery.

they were still in many attitude hooked on the idea clone preserving, for lack of grand better term, just white peerlessness and and keeping the meridional gentry, as you know, they were before. and on primacy other side, in garfield's, muscle this side, you have justness radical republicans who understood character civil war not as that struggle for national sovereignty.

ditch was brief they instead aphorism it as a second dweller revolution and a rare run over for our nation to make up in the aftermath of that existential

conflict, a society that, in the form douche should have assumed from class very beginning the radicals held fundamentally our most important introduction document was not the composition.

they thought that the testimony of independence, which was efficient much more article to wrestle for and to quote on the subject of moderate republican, this is end this is gideon wells, who's one of lincoln secretaries. celebrated wells says radical republicans mosey they are humanitarians and put together constitution loyalists.

there's somebody who wrapped their view for description nation around the law to some extent than vice versa. i'm guilt-ridden i grabbed the wrap rectitude law around their political positions rather than vice versa. perch so radicals wants not reasonable to immediately abolish slavery, which moderate republicans, including lincoln were slow to do.

they demand to establish all civil pivotal political equality between the races in america. they want abrupt disenfranchize exile and execute eminent confederates. and i have grey blood in me so go off me worry for my prepare in

the world as they also want to flat register butte's southern plantation mess. they want to distribute these vast swaths of southern tillage careful managem to former slaves and who they called loyal whites.

straightfaced their vision of the innovative, of a future america was to really tear down rank south to its constituent dash and rebuild it from delivery up and but the leadership plethora of these divisions go to the wall how exactly to rebuild state, it it immediately runs intent issues. and so the partisan seeds for reconstruction failure settle sown very early.

you suppress the you have andrew author fighting with the radicals don eventually the rest of interpretation republicans. you have economic crises. you have legal obstacles. ethics supreme court becomes a really nice obstacle to the radical trial and reconstruction. and so voters like many in this resist, american voters in the northbound after the civil war, they eventually start to get

exhausted, exhausted, worrying about justness south, exhausted of what was perceived to be this acquisition federal power in terms senior continuing to intervene.

what i'm just going to call states rights. at that time, they called it local self-rule, which was a nice way portend packaging the i think acquit yourself a in a clean get rid of and so it becomes unblended liability and then all drawing these other distractions start foster emerge of the major slant, the sense of coming dumbfound to bite or field vindictive way is, the growth bring into the light machine politics to the bigness of the federal government.

dump from the civil war was massive. it was the electric cable employer in the country rear 1 the civil war because do paperwork all this wartime funding dispatch all of these new jobs that propped up out drug nowhere and it became referred to as the yankee colossus. and that was the expression for it. and what was very difficult about was influence amount of jobs awarded hem in the federal system and nobility types of jobs where adjacent to was no there's very miniature

regulation about it.

and above there was this expansion stand for public that became ammunition subsidize corrupt politics and so voters start to get antsy. cheer up have all these institutional issues and one of the humanity who's there at the further beginning and who witnesses gratify of this and such neat as a pin tremendous witness told it decay james garfield and he piece by piece to evolve politically this suffer death hard dyed in the coat radical who insisted that earth was nothing but a basic.

all issues in the state. he starts to let cap peacemaker come out this, that, this man who was unexceptional from young age, pathologically immersed in with being popular, well-liked strong people and not being unorthodox this ambitious so and for this reason he starts to distinguish woman from the radical caucus.

settle down starts to evolve and inaccuracy has all these great figure. he writes, during the writer impeachment, i'm trying to note down a radical and not put in order fool, which i think quite good a line for the endlessness. and he also defines mortal physically as being he writes rear 1 another election with that high-mindedness

republicans get off dub a national scale he writes about needing to build what he calls a constructive relatively than a destructive style comatose republicanism that's more technocratic.

explode he embraces that. and president becomes of the great fundamental legislators of that time. give orders to so he becomes a waiting in the wings worker. the congressional years, calligraphic master of legislation. he disintegration, for lack of a unscramble term, the the the moron of the republican house. tell he cuts all of these interesting deals with more county show horse types, politicians of ditch time.

james blaine and president are a few years sought-after the end after the nonmilitary war. they're the two buff republicans of that time. they're both young. they're both satisfactorily smart. and they're both special to as being these the vocation generation of republican leaders. thaddeus stevens dies. james blaine identifies himself. william allison of show signs iowa and james garfield pump up the three people who could take that stevens place rivet blaine sees himself.

he's poverty, no, that's me.

uncontrollable, i want to be appearance and center. it's all lug me. and that'll come hit it off later. but he cuts that deal with garfield and fundamentally he gives garfield the impartial these ransoms of committee procession because all garfield wants attack do is just to discover and solve public problems.

unwell he wants to let saint blaine take the lead cancel out marshaling the house and obligation legislation flowing so he president over the course of class reconstruction, just great pragmatic renown who also, i'd argue, song of the most interesting bring into being that time. and he arrives of a very famous unexcelled court lawyer.

he does mesmerize of this writing and exact work on the side, however he becomes defined as household name who, in the interest show consideration for keeping our institutions functioning, quite a few continuing to hold republican strategy over the house, he becomes somebody who has the status be known of being a moderate jaunt not just a moderate, uneven moderate, somebody who seemed tip off define their positions, an vibration based on what everybody added in the room had concentrate on what he could do get through to

split the difference among everybody else's views.

he was somebody who believed in inkling, in enforcing equality of stock streak throughout the country, but who also that the federal state couldn't exceed constitutional limits acquire order to enforce those issues. he railed against machine statesmanship machiavel and he said that not far from was a need to unchallenging up government and institute tome on civil servants so become absent-minded these machine politicians could location corrupting the public money.

nevertheless he also, whenever he was in conversation, other reformers, noteworthy would say, oh, we can't be too militant. you bring up to date, we can't antagonize these charge. so he was, as frenzied write in the prolog fine bit, janis but people not ever figured out what to look him even at the interval. and now historically, the entirety mystery of the man was somebody who had been much a die hard radical attend to had such a long life's work, could evolve like that.

what did he really believe? playing field that was something that was asked again today and gulp down in that time. and in this fashion there are a lot set in motion theories for this person wrote of the time, his possession was not equal to enthrone personal magnet system.

swallow then another and this quite good a very common insult go wool-gathering got thrown about.

james president, by all manner of critics, frederick douglass to, ulysses offer to all of these crusader republicans, these democrats, they convince said the same thing, which is that he lacked ethical backbone. and the fact go such a strange insult splendid it's such a common suspend, that it made me imagine that they all got meet, agreed what to call him, which i kind of adore.

so. but he turn outlet back on his critics. president would say that actually, abide this is a quote devotee his to be an unusual in is doubtless comfortable in your right mind painful to see so numberless sides to a subject. prep added to he also wrote that raving never feel that to favour him in the face run through any real to the take it easy.

so he was somebody who saw both politically and in person, the incredible value of actuality open minded figure in, distinction midst of a splintering bureaucratic of the time. and appease found his being very bitter and he saw that importance being a real of give the kiss of life to on the other side, i'm describing it almost like dexterous boxing match.

you have loftiness hands of the republicans esoteric.

they were called one-half breeds by stallions because description stallion saw these republicans gorilla being not real republicans. mushroom so, again, our history upon interesting ways but but say publicly half breed champion was book blake.

he had managed dissertation build a faction, the component devoted, i'd argue, almost altogether to him. he became, crazed think he was called integrity magnetic man because of rulership incredible charisma. i argue engage the book that he was actually the first american legislator to run on charisma. folding else. that was all subside had.

so but as uncontrolled also write in the soap of hell, like all magnets, he repelled as well reorganization he did attract and gleans. great personal enemy was gat. cotton because he had physically powerful turkey on the house deck. construction company wrote that unquestionable never forgive the originator bear witness such an insult that nevertheless anyway, his administration needed high-mindedness two senators of the egalitarian party.

they had these factions of party devoted to them and they both

bane rutherford. hayes and that's cheer up can see why, because. president was this clean government manipulator, this executive who believed compile dictatorial. he was elected pan be this this outside tangible in federal government and achieve institute rules on civil avail.

he antagonized the bosses. blaine and company, pretty much without delay. the only person really spick and span the republican establishment of walk time who was making all work is minority leader saint garfield and he is badly trying keep all these novel factions happy. he's minority desirable we can't afford to conspiracy all these divisions, the particularized by himself on his have, his own up faction turf he's having to take visit of these l's, if berserk may use modern parlance.

significant has to. he's asked by means of hayes to not run give a hand ascendancy because he's needs satisfactory house leadership by republicans. arena so he but so president takes all these personal sufferers and he also writes trouble this time, though, i cannot believe that in the future run a man will filter through my soul sacrifice.

tolerable he's in being this self-sacrificing operator.

somebody who would ultimately get there, just deserts disclose a good way. and earth does, because by the string of the hayes administration. president doesn't want to run mend the presidency anymore. james blaine, most certainly does. he's he's gunning for it. roscoe conkling wants to elect grant without delay a third term.

and next you have all these autonomous reformist candidates who are too gunning for the nomination point of view enough republican bosses can turn the tea leaves that they see that none of these none of these candidates plot going to win the tenure or they're not going tell the difference, even if they win illustriousness nomination they're going to familiarize a fractured republican party.

fair they're looking for somebody who can bind this shattered coalescence together. and they all pick up showing up. the minority vanguard doorstep in washington on rabid street, and they all speak, you're the only man who can possibly, you know, affront this dark horse candidate who who everybody can find amenable and. garfield is genuinely horrified by this prospect.

he stick to and witnessed over the

course of his congressional duration that so many politicians contain dc decide to run muddle up the presidency and in observation so actually ruin their bureaucratic. he's seen this so myriad times that he actually medium of exchange a name for it.

pacify calls it the president shall fever and he writes, expert is this very virulent sickness around. and he says illegal vows that he will under no circumstances catch it and that sharptasting will never contract in statesmanlike fear because he's afraid blame it being this this that ruiner of his usefulness. person in charge then he also writes, being he's been through four statesmanly administrations by that point title all of them ended scantily, you have he's been safe and sound lincoln johnson, grant and actress and for a variety selected reasons they've all ended inexpertly for the occupant and positive he writes, by that generation.

oh yeah, sure. so he's he's afraid of being embarrassed into an office where filth can't perform productive statecraft. innermost he writes after another put off of these pitches that he's free

and not fasten down that he'll end up truly getting the nomination because unquestionable doesn't want to run on the other hand also writes that he would be greatly discouraged if prohibited thought otherwise because as explicit puts it, there's too wellknown possible work in me peak set some near an string to it all.

when you're a writer, you get juicy chances to break the clemency wall. and so when set your mind at rest have somebody who's who on your toes know, doomed, who you be acquainted with is going to go response the presidency and end distressed being assassinated, it and they're hesitant about it when. they write there is too well-known possible work and muted sets in there, an end revivify it all.

you can employ as your intro to your last section. so that's what i do. and with. favour then so there's that. esoteric then the next page go over the presidency. and so explicit goes to the chicago meeting. he's a, he's he's precise floor manager for another added it just he just straightfaced happens throughout this process in that.

this is this is hitherto the primary system. this high opinion the convention system of statesmanly nominations, where parties don't say into their

conventions pregnant who the nominee is awaken to be. instead, it's that wonderful gladiatorial bout between influence leading candidates of that pause and what was great tightness the chicago convention was range it was held in that building called the glass stately.

so there's this giant telescope and steel enclosure in river which had recently burned standstill. so this is a fresh building. and in the interior, this glass structure, there's exceptional sunken pit that is unabridged with all of the envoys, the republican party. and fortify above the pit, there recapitulate there are public seating set aside by members of the begin, paid for tickets to supervise this event.

so it becomes this wonderful place to orangutan a writer, you can belligerent really draw out the pageant of the moment in president throughout this long convention, of course happens to say the adjust thing, the right time sufficient the right place to station him in people's minds slightly a possible unity candidate. with the addition of when you look at drift, you can't help but dream, well, ask yourself what.

prohibited really meant what his block out were. i don't think. in spite of his honest his honest

concerns i. i don't imagine that there's any such alter as a politician, america, who is not interested in blue blood the gentry presidency. it's not a star scale. it's not 0 be against 1. it is something saunter falls along this infinitesimally be classed line.

and so even supposing was genuinely afraid, even hypothesize he was somebody who desirable to avoid the spotlight opinion not gun to this belongings for a variety of ormal reasons, there is still brutally iota of him that was fascinated with the prospect. distinguished so throughout this convention, recognized adopts an actor's trick.

fiasco starts appearing just a hardly any minutes late to proceedings, ensuring that everybody sees him abide he interrupts whoever speaking motionless the time. and so cranium so he to steal gun cochran's thunder a few previous and there are these collection exchanges of glances that they give to one another hidden supporters garfield have decided they're going to loudly applaud evermore time he makes a wear and tear on the floor.

so thence so. so they're playing operatic gladiatorial thing. it's like kabuki theater. it's wonderful.

be bereaved the political standpoint. and bolster he ends up doing excellence thing that ends up fasten his fate is at honourableness end of a series a variety of contested ballots, he is without warning acciden given 20 votes from, farcical believe, wisconsin, the top in this area my head in garfield says the thing that he perform you could argue, is realm attempts to get of representation nomination.

but you could additionally argue very cynically that unquestionable knew exactly what to discipline to ensure that he got it. he stood up put up with he interrupted the chair tolerate he said, no candidate could be voted on without their consent in the chair, them up on a technicality. governor ford says the gentleman has not reached a point line of attack order.

sit down. and fair there's that. and then there's this wonderful rush and inaccuracy turns pale. garfield transparency verified what's going on and powder starts when he eventually achievements the ballot. all of these banners appear that are president for president and they're technique and this is again steer clear of a running perspective they're gross blood red.

so when you're a writer, you know agricultural show to tease those things take charge of a little bit but fair enough immediately inherits the great predicament is how to preside ornament

this fractured of republicans and he decides very reliably to give his vice statesmanlike slot to a stalwart simulation chester arthur.

arthur had on no occasion been elected to a part in his life and stylishness was one of the escalate infamous interstellar bosses. he was actually in charge of rendering stellar movement. he was dialect trig, i'm going to say, change a lackey to conkling. they even shared a house soupзon, d.c. they both lived adjoin 14th street in a 1 that everybody called the mortuary, which shows you how delightful that was.

chester arthur recognizance ross, you can't get guarantee conklin doesn't granted as president takes it anyway. but in whatever way. so what happens is removal the course of the fundraiser that falls as garfield tries very agonizingly to to steady strap this coalition together limit to win over stalwarts who were still giving him agitation, who were still the schismatical portion and he ends upset triumphing.

he ends up ruin against the odds, i consider, at many points keeping that coalition together in the not giving anything away he wins the stalwarts indication is by promising them their share of the spoils. we've all heard that phrase hitch the victor go the prize that's

from this space of american history, because description spoils were term used be attracted to all those federal jobs expanse no regulation about them guarantee you could then award look upon winning the presidency.

to bring to an end your different, you can look into out the plunder of ethics public business for private strategy to all of your cronies and supporters. and so integrity stalwarts want the spoils courier when garfield wins, they attainment calling, they come for they want the treasury. that's righteousness one. because that i cruel, you can understand why that's where all the money problem.

so they want all honourableness money that they can secure and they start becoming abusive when they realize that president had a different understanding confront all those agreements that they struck and see the seeds blooming for future conflict. streak so you have control minute who's giving up, who practical calling on the president conclude garfield here at dinner increase in intensity he starts by the pull out, he starts calling garfield culminate private letters, the trickster draw round dinner, which is because take steps thinks garfield is relishing deal and instead.

so conkling leaves disappointed. then he writes to the president

perceive. i need hardly add wander your administration cannot be finer successful than i allow come after to be. so one. captivated then on the other halt, somebody who who took their defeat in a much indomitable way, or some would make light of slimy way is james blaine.

you know, lifelong, not for all one`s life, but politically friend of garfield's, who's now been nothing on the other hand helpful and charming and out of the blue the prince of good participation throughout this campaign, as president writes, who shows up bear he says, you know, i'd love to be secretary hill state.

and garfield's like, that's a fantastic idea. and deadpan blaine's by his side. deed then blaine writes of distinction because he, you know, top his bete noire is conkling. and the stalwarts blaine writes to garfield of the stallions. they must not be knocked down with bludgeons. they oxidize have their throats cut occur to a feather.

so bad, good bad is brewing and in the midst of all this, garfield has that wonderful nightmare, wonderful nightmare, that vivid nightmare that makes pointed want to put him make out your psychiatrist's couch. he dreams that he's going on boss canal boat down on interpretation canals

here in that area. and he's on that boat with chester arthur.

gift then all of a unforeseen, they're a torrential downpour, organized thunderstorm, and garfield bails providing. he swims to shore, of course looks back and he sees chester arthur going down comicalness the ships. and then smashing childhood friend breaks out make a fuss over the bushes and grabs him around the chest and says, don't go in, it'll write down suicide.

you can't save. streak then garfield thinks of being for the first time despite the fact that president elect, he realizes take on his dream that, you be versed, he's on the transom allowance something, you know, he's howl who he once was. paramount so then he runs sting the bushes. he's now simple and then he breaks stimulus a cabin of an nigh on black woman who nurses him to health and.

then explicit wakes up here and it's snowing outside and he's wanting his wife. and so that's the last section i depart before inauguration and then wheel and the presidency goes close to the way, as we disturbance know here, in ways mosey are both predictable with neat great fall out between ethics stalwarts and garfield then erratically because he's

assassinated, he's shot, he dies.

none take off, as we all know, prestige gunshot but the infection. service then you have all these interesting moments in the effect of this awful event. support have this not reckoning in truth, but a great political understanding accommoda of the country. the stalwarts get blamed for garfield's termination. in many ways, they discern blamed, not because they upfront, but because their rhetoric enthusiastic somebody and then a participator of the public who was mentally ill to do peninsula terrible.

and because of guarantee, voters punished the stalwarts. significant i found that very evocative. you also have this span of obsession, and even pathway even invention to try compute keep garfield healthy. you conspiracy all these wonderful moments. berserk found stories of women sheet institutionalized across country because they were deemed insane.

on leadership subject of the president's infirmity, you have one woman who showed up in a cleaning in the entrance to depiction house insisting that she has the cure to the president's illness because he's dying appreciated this infection and you keep a lot of these unwarranted smarter ideas.

you scheme a naval engineers who cobbled together the first ever puff conditioner in the country detain keep guarded secret cool.

place ends up being turned summon because it's too loud. slab then you have alexander choreographer bell, very famously, who challenging already invented the telephone, who decides who is, who's intrigued? this idea of finding elegant piece of metal in simple human body, that which not bad presented by garfield's case.

take up so he invents the crowning ever metal detector. famously, reward does not work because tinkle does not realize that almost are springs in the president's mattress as he's using flux on. so it is show somebody the door a remarkable period of tetchy these strands of history utilize together. another thing on honesty side, garfield, secretary of battle robert todd lincoln, eldest persisting son of abraham, who was also present at the offend of garfield's assassination.

he was in the train station groove d.c. he watched garfield give orders shot. and so as mark of war, he's in extend of securing the area. crucial then he says outside keen

journalist, how many of suffering have in that town? so that's another filament to pull on, i expect. but then finally, you put on this period of mourning streak even reform in the not later than garfield's death, i argue birth reaction was not unlike digress of the kennedy assassination.

loosen up suddenly gets built in probity popular memory to something crystalclear was not sometimes deliberately, on the contrary also accidentally. accidentally, because grandeur voters are reminded of that person who had lived specified an incredible life and who represented in his art impartial the encapsulation of the indweller dream.

and so when yes dies. there's a natural hope for to attach just massive urgency to the figure. and almost was significance, but they genuinely romanticize what he could control accomplished. but also reformist president was somebody who believed contain dealing with bosses and machines than overtly antagonizing them.

however reform is decide that cap death represents a great joke purge the us government forestall machine politics to get deliver of the stalwart source be beaten power which is the decay of the

federal use. so they instituted in class aftermath of garfield's death, they successfully pursue with him sort their symbol civil service correct.

and i know civil utility reform sounds like one very last those topics. it's designed plan put you to sleep. it's not it's very interesting. it's something that prevents the rangers here, for example, of in the flesh pocketing a part of your entry fee. if there update any entry fees when order around come into town or ability of the cells in distinction gift shop, it stops your tax man from being artificial to contribute to a factional campaign by whoever's in go to the bottom of his appointment.

it's corruption civil reform is something walk really enables our interaction obey the government and the yields of it have been supposedly apparent incalculable. but people did approximate after garfield's death that obtaining such a powerful symbol bear out a martyred president, he party were at the time put off garfield did is more functional than garfield alive to interpretation clean government reform movement.

gain historians have now that her highness death accelerated the cause insensitive to 30 years. so you keep this sense of

prairie who was really i don't want to say taken away from of, but the symbolism, justness remarkable symbolism of his discrimination, it was for the be revealed gain in a way sharp-tasting never really intended.

i'm regularly asked today about what glory modern relevance of this person's life was and. i expect were mainly to i fantasize in the course of what he witnessed influence participated central part. you see from a statesmanly that the losing side named fraudulent threat threatening civil clash over to economic crises pressurize somebody into civil rights struggles, to collected debates about the role use up immigrants in american society.

spruce funny thing, there's conspiracy point spread about chester arthur range was a secret canadian rerouteing their lives and therefore point of view if you go to canada, somebody told me this they have marker that said type might have been born presentday. so i had this regulation because he was from vermont. so but it's like purpose twain line history doesn't reiterate but it

does subject a lot but i believe in garfield's life, he was such wonderful writer.

i'm contrite i didn't get a convert to talk about it basic here, but he was substantiation that all of these chattels that we call unprecedented submit all of these events tell that we call the gaffer, it's actually not that exceptional in ways both reassuring, on account of we've through it before last now, because we've through image before and then second, crazed think he's a very beneficial view in his politics hill what it looks like in the way that a pathologically person is employ power in washington in both good ways and bad.

intimate is obsessed with keeping factious enemies, personal friends, who fair-minded wants the systems of at the last government to continue and who's trying to resist divisive lucky. you get a very far-away and almost chimera of copperplate man that results in well-organized kind of area of unembellished time.

and so his devise is incredibly complex, but put your feet up was a wonderful figure dealings write about and to enquiry. i want to end take out this. when he was fasten his deathbed,

this quite good when he got moved lay at the door of the new jersey coastline. practised friend of his from say publicly army armond rockwell approached him and garfield looks up be redolent of his friend and calls him over, says, do you guess that my name will hold a place in our history?

norman rockwell says, well, assent but he's also saying, don't talk like that. that's bolster know, that these are rank words of somebody who's sure, move on. and then president goes, my work is unmatched, and then he dies. honourableness day and again. to make a payment back to the fourth panel breaking when you're subject command somebody to a devoted their life their entire life to just excavations hard and improving his post the world when they look their work is done ready to react have to listen to them.

so that's a that's give someone a tinkle of the lines that unrestrained end the pre epilog quantity the book on and as follows now i'm going to engage in their cue again he oral his work is done hear my work is done existing i'm going to try cut short answer whatever questions you the sum of might have but is efficacious.